SGLT2 inhibitors: an evidence-based update on cardiovascular implications

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Outcomes in diabetic patients treated with SGLT2-Inhibitors with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI: The SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT Registry

Pasquale Paolisso et al.

Summary: In T2DM patients presenting with AMI, the use of SGLT2-I was associated with better in-hospital and long-term prognosis compared to non-SGLT2-I users.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Empagliflozin Improves the MicroRNA Signature of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Diabetes

Pasquale Mone et al.

Summary: Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), diabetes mellitus (DM), and frailty, but there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor this dysfunction. This study evaluated the expression of circulating microRNAs involved in endothelial function regulation in HFpEF and DM patients treated with empagliflozin, metformin, or insulin. The results showed that specific miRNAs were significantly regulated in HFpEF patients, and two of them (miR-21 and miR-92) were significantly reduced after empagliflozin treatment.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS (2023)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Insights into SGLT2 inhibitor treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy: focus on the mechanisms

Keming Huang et al.

Summary: Among the complications of diabetes, cardiovascular events and cardiac insufficiency are important causes of death. SGLT2i treatment has been shown to improve cardiac dysfunction and benefit various factors related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as metabolism, microcirculation, mitochondrial function, fibrosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, programmed cell death, autophagy, and intestinal flora.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm-2023 Update

Susan L. Samson et al.

Summary: This consensus statement provides concise graphic algorithms for clinical decision-making in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, along with a summary of supporting details. It aims to improve patient care by visual guidance and updated guidelines.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of empagliflozin on decongestion in acute heart failure: the EMPULSE trial

Jan Biegus et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the decongestion effects of empagliflozin in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and found that compared to placebo, empagliflozin significantly reduced markers of decongestion at all time-points. Patients with greater weight loss within the first 15 days showed higher clinical benefit at Day 90.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2023 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Management of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee

Michelle M. Kittleson et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2023)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cost-effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction-Living on the Edge

Alexander T. Sandhu et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2023)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Reduces Infarct Size Independently of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2

Sha Chen et al.

CIRCULATION (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023

Nuha A. ElSayed et al.

DIABETES CARE (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023

Nuha A. ElSayed et al.

DIABETES CARE (2023)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of SGLT2-inhibitors on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without chronic kidney disease: Insight from SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT registry

Pasquale Paolisso et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the association between chronic SGLT2-I treatment and the development of CI-AKI in diabetic patients with AMI undergoing PCI. The results showed that SGLT2-I users had a lower incidence of CI-AKI, especially in patients without CKD. Therefore, the use of SGLT2-I may reduce the risk of CI-AKI in patients with AMI.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2023)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Functional and Clinical Importance of SGLT2-inhibitors in Frailty: From the Kidney to the Heart

Gaetano Santulli et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on kidney and heart function, and they can improve physical and cognitive impairment in frail older adults.

HYPERTENSION (2023)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

SGLT2-inhibition increases total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and lowers triglycerides: Meta-analyses of 60 randomized trials, overall and by dose, ethnicity, and drug type

Louise E. Bechmann et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin is associated with lower cardiovascular risk compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults with and without cardiovascular disease: EMPagliflozin compaRative effectIveness and SafEty (EMPRISE) study results from Europe and Asia

Dorte Vistisen et al.

Summary: This study compared the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating empagliflozin compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in routine care settings in Europe and Asia. The results showed that regardless of pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or history of heart failure (HF), the use of empagliflozin resulted in lower risk of cardiovascular events.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Critical Analysis of the Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Tubular Sodium, Water and Chloride Homeostasis and Their Role in Influencing Heart Failure Outcomes

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have complex effects on renal tubule function and volume homeostasis, with limited diuretic and natriuretic effects. However, they may result in durable improvement of the internal set point for volume homeostasis. These drugs also exert cardioprotective effects through direct actions on cardiomyocytes. The interplay between changes in volume set point and the direct cellular effects may contribute to the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure.

CIRCULATION (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Investigation

Osung Kwon et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiac event rates in patients with diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. The results showed that the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin Suppresses the Differentiation/Maturation of Human Epicardial Preadipocytes and Improves Paracrine Secretome Profile

Masayuki Takano et al.

Summary: The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin directly affects human epicardial adipocytes and preadipocytes, reducing adipogenesis and improving the paracrine secretome profile of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), potentially through the regulation of IL-6 expression.

JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2023)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Reduces Infarct Size Independently of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2

Sha Chen et al.

CIRCULATION (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin exerts neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish; mechanism involving ketogenesis and autophagy

Ismail Unal et al.

Summary: In this study, the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMP) on a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease (PD) were evaluated. The results showed that EMP treatment improved neurofunction, autophagy, and the expression of inflammation-related genes, as well as reduced oxidative damage, mimicking the effects of a ketogenic diet.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin, Health Status, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Javed Butler et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of Empagliflozin on health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. The results showed that Empagliflozin reduced the risk of major heart failure outcomes and improved health-related quality of life. The effects were consistent across different levels of baseline health status.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Early benefit with empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the EMPEROR-Preserved trial

Javed Butler et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mechanisms Underlying Antiarrhythmic Properties of Cardioprotective Agents Impacting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Katarina Andelova et al.

Summary: Oxidative stress and inflammation are detrimental to cardiovascular health and increase heart susceptibility to arrhythmias. Compounds with antiarrhythmic properties that also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be effective in reducing arrhythmia burden by preventing or attenuating oxidative and inflammatory stress.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Antiarrhythmic Properties

Ewald Kolesnik et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have shown promising effects in reducing hospitalization rates for heart failure, and there have been reports of their potential antiarrhythmic properties. However, the mechanisms behind their effects on arrhythmias are still unclear. Prospective trials are currently underway to further investigate their impact on arrhythmias.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and anemia among diabetes patients in real clinical practice

Miho Murashima et al.

Summary: This study revealed that the use of SGLT2i was associated with higher hemoglobin levels and lower prevalence of anemia in real clinical practice.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Pharmacological Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Jasper Tromp et al.

Summary: This study estimated and compared the aggregate treatment benefit of pharmacological therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The results showed that a combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was most effective in reducing all-cause death and had similar effects on the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for HF.

JACC-HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Empagliflozin improves quality of life in nondiabetic HFrEF patients. Sub-analysis of the EMPATROPISM trial

Juan Antonio Requena-Ibanez et al.

Summary: This study suggests that Empagliflozin improves the quality of life in the non-diabetic, ethnic minority represented population of the EMPATROPISM trial, independently of its hypoglycemic activity.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors and Combined SGLT1/2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Renal, and Safety Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of 111 Randomized Controlled Trials

Yao Neng Teo et al.

Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes, combined SGLT1/2 inhibitors showed a lower risk of myocardial infarction and stroke compared to pure SGLT2 inhibitors, but were associated with a higher risk of diarrhea and severe hypoglycemia.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Infarct size, inflammatory burden, and admission hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with SGLT2-inhibitors: a multicenter international registry

Pasquale Paolisso et al.

Summary: The study found that type 2 diabetic AMI patients receiving SGLT2-I exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory response and smaller infarct size compared to those receiving other OAD agents.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of Empagliflozin on Symptoms, Physical Limitations, and Quality of Life in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: Results From the EMPULSE Trial

Mikhail N. Kosiborod et al.

Summary: In patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, empagliflozin improved symptoms, physical limitations, and quality of life, with benefits seen as early as 15 days and maintained through 90 days. The study demonstrated clinical benefit of empagliflozin regardless of baseline symptomatic impairment.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Pasquale Mone et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the significant beneficial effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on cognitive and physical impairment in frail older adults with diabetes and HFpEF. The results show improvements in cognitive function as well as physical impairment in the empagliflozin group compared to the metformin and insulin groups.

DIABETES CARE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial

Adriaan A. Voors et al.

Summary: The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or the presence of diabetes.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Gliflozins in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease

Eugene Braunwald

Summary: Gliflozins, a type of medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not only lowers blood glucose levels but also improves cardiac and renal function.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Prescribing SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With CKD: Expanding Indications and Practical Considerations

Kevin Yau et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors play a crucial role in preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. The clinical indications for these drugs are expanding beyond patients with diabetes, and recent studies suggest that they may soon be indicated for CKD patients without albuminuria. Considerations for prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors include the acute decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, dosage selection, volume status, and adverse event mitigation.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of Early Empagliflozin Initiation on Diuresis and Kidney Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (EMPAG-HF)

P. Christian Schulze et al.

Summary: This study suggests that early addition of empagliflozin to standard diuretic therapy can increase urine output in patients with acute decompensated heart failure without affecting renal function.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

SGLT2 Inhibition via Empagliflozin Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Insights From Frail Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

Pasquale Mone et al.

Summary: This study investigated the functional role of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in frail diabetic and hypertensive older adults. The results showed that empagliflozin improved cognitive function and gait speed, and reduced frailty in these patients. Mechanistically, empagliflozin reduced mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin in acute myocardial infarction: the EMMY trial

Dirk von Lewinski et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of empagliflozin on patients following acute myocardial infarction, showing significant reductions in NT-proBNP and improvements in echocardiographic parameters.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

In-hospital arrhythmic burden reduction in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with SGLT2-inhibitors: Insights from the SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT study

Arturo Cesaro et al.

Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of new-onset arrhythmic events during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, particularly in reducing ventricular arrhythmias. These findings highlight the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in the context of AMI.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in arrhythmias

Jinghan Gao et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to attenuate cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. This review explores the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing the risk of arrhythmia from the perspectives of electrical remodeling and structural remodeling, and discusses the mechanisms involved. The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on sodium and calcium homeostasis, as well as fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, are also discussed.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin improves endothelial and cardiomyocyte function in human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction via reduced pro-inflammatory-oxidative pathways and protein kinase Gα oxidation

Detmar Kolijn et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that empagliflozin reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with HFpEF, thereby improving the NO-sGC-cGMP cascade and PKGI alpha activity. This leads to a decrease in pathological cardiomyocyte stiffness in HFpEF.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Comparative efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Tobias Taeger et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have positive effects on improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin and canagliflozin showed better efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality compared to other SGLT2 inhibitors. Prospective head-to-head comparisons are needed to confirm these results in the future.

HEART FAILURE REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Mechanisms Leading to Differential Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in the Diabetic Kidney: Modulation by SGLT2 Inhibitors and Hypoxia Mimetics

Milton Packer

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors exert renoprotective effects in diabetic kidneys by modulating the balance of HIF-1α and HIF-2α activities, promoting erythropoiesis, alleviating cellular stress, and reducing inflammation and fibrosis.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk and total number of worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, with benefits seen early after treatment initiation and sustained throughout the therapy.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure by Baseline Diabetes Status Results From the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Stefan D. Anker et al.

Summary: In patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, empagliflozin significantly improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes, regardless of baseline diabetes status, and across the continuum of HbA1c.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce myocardial infarct size in preclinical animal models of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a meta-analysis

Alex Ali Sayour et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce myocardial infarct size in preclinical animal studies regardless of the presence of diabetes. The efficacy of the medications is influenced by the route and duration of treatment, with administration to the intact organ system proving more effective.

DIABETOLOGIA (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion-induced sudden cardiac death

Zhaoyang Hu et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin pretreatment protects the heart from severe lethal ventricular arrhythmia induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. These protective benefits may occur as a consequence of activation of the ERK1/2-dependent cell-survival signaling pathway in a glucose-independent manner.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee

Thomas M. Maddox et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Randomized Trial of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Carlos G. Santos-Gallego et al.

Summary: This study found that empagliflozin significantly improved left ventricular function and volumes, functional capacity, and quality of life in nondiabetic HFrEF patients, compared to placebo. The observations strongly support the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of HFrEF patients regardless of their glycemic status.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Recent Worsening Heart Failure

Deepak L. Bhatt et al.

Summary: In patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure, treatment with sotagliflozin significantly reduced the total number of deaths from cardiovascular causes and hospitalizations and urgent visits for heart failure compared to placebo, regardless of the timing of administration.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the EMPULSE trial

Jasper Tromp et al.

Summary: The EMPULSE trial aims to assess the clinical benefits and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin compared to placebo in patients hospitalized for AHF. Approximately 500 patients across North America, Europe, and Asia will be randomized to receive either empagliflozin or placebo, with the primary outcome being clinical benefit at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include safety assessments and changes in symptom scores and natriuretic peptides.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with type 2 diabetes or heart failure: A meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials

Gilson C. Fernandes et al.

Summary: This study found that SGLT2is are significantly associated with reduced risks of incident atrial arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating a potential antiarrhythmic effect of SGLT2is that warrants further prospective trials to confirm.

HEART RHYTHM (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure, Reduced Ejection Fraction, and Volume Overload

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: The study found that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin had beneficial effects on patients with heart failure, including reducing the risk of heart failure events, decreasing hospitalizations, and improving health status and functional class. However, the study does not support a dominant role of diuresis in mediating the physiological changes or clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with reduced ejection fraction.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular medicine

Fahimeh Varzideh et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The SGLT-2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves myocardial strain, reduces cardiac fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic mice treated with doxorubicin

Vincenzo Quagliariello et al.

Summary: EMPA reduces ferroptosis, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation in doxorubicin-treated non-diabetic mice through NLRP3 and MyD88-related pathways, resulting in significant improvements in cardiac functions. These findings provide a basis for translational studies aimed at reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in non-diabetic cancer patients treated with doxorubicin.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of empagliflozin on erythropoiesis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Data from a randomized, placebo-controlled study

Kirsten Thiele et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, for both patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. These agents have been found to increase haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, which may be a predictor of their cardiovascular benefits.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of dapagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden death in DAPA-HF

James P. Curtain et al.

Summary: The study aimed to examine the effect of dapagliflozin on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in patients with HFrEF. The analysis found that dapagliflozin reduced the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, or sudden death in these patients compared to placebo.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Theresa A. McDonagh et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction

Stefan D. Anker et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Inhibitors and Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Arjun K. Pandey et al.

Summary: SGLT inhibitors may reduce AF events and are likely to have a similar reducing effect on heart failure hospitalization/cardiovascular death in patients with and without AF histories.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanistic Insights of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With HFrEF From the EMPA-TROPISM Study

Juan Antonio Requena-Ibanez et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin significantly improved adiposity, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, aortic stiffness, and inflammatory markers in nondiabetic patients with HFrEF, shedding new light on the mechanisms of action of the benefits of SGLT2-i.

JACC-HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insights From the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial

Thomas A. Zelniker et al.

CIRCULATION (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: New approaches to diagnosis and management

Bharathi Upadhya et al.

CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF)

Kevin Damman et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction

Jolanda Sabatino et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Preventing Atrial Fibrillation With Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus

Christopher B. Granger et al.

CIRCULATION (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Acute dapagliflozin administration exerts cardioprotective effects in rats with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury

Sarayut Lahnwong et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Dapagliflozin in Patients With HFrEF Treated With Sacubitril/Valsartan The DAPA-HF Trial

Scott D. Solomon et al.

JACC-HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiac sympathetic activity in acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the EMBODY trial

Wataru Shimizu et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy of Ertugliflozin on Heart Failure-Related Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Results of the VERTIS CV Trial

Francesco Cosentino et al.

CIRCULATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure

Milton Packer et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cardiovascular Outcomes with Ertugliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes

Christopher P. Cannon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

A Response To: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Major COVID-19 Outcomes: Promising Mechanisms, Conflicting Data, and Intriguing Clinical Decisions

Antonio C. Bossi et al.

DIABETES THERAPY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Baseline characteristics of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial

Stefan D. Anker et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

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