☆ 4.3 Review

Current and preclinical treatment options for Merkel cell carcinoma

EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (2023)

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Distinct Regulation of EZH2 and its Repressive H3K27me3 Mark in Polyomavirus-Positive and-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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Adjuvant immunotherapy with nivolumab versus observation in completely resected Merkel cell carcinoma (ADMEC-O): disease-free survival results from a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

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Adcitmer(R), a new CD56-targeting monomethyl auristatin E-conjugated antibody, is a potential therapeutic approach in Merkel cell carcinoma

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Summary: The study focused on producing and evaluating a new antibody-drug conjugate (Adcitmer(R)) targeting CD56 for the treatment of MCC. Results showed that Adcitmer(R) effectively inhibited the growth of MCC by targeting CD56 expression and significantly reduced tumor growth in a MCC mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for MCC patients, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Inhibition of T-antigen expression promoting glycogen synthase kinase 3 impairs merkel cell carcinoma cell growth

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Summary: GSK3 inhibitors, such as CHIR99021, have been identified as potential therapeutics for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by repressing TA expression in MCC cells, demonstrating in vivo antitumor activity in a MCC xenograft mouse model. This study provides a promising approach for future treatment of MCC by targeting virus-encoded T antigens.

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Summary: This review summarizes the current understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The study focuses on the roles of large T (LT) and small T (ST) antigens in promoting MCC oncogenesis and evading growth suppression. The paper also highlights unresolved research questions regarding the origin of MCC and viral integration mechanisms.

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Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with response to therapeutic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma

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Viral Status Predicts the Patterns of Genome Methylation and Decitabine Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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Prevalence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Normal and Lesional Skin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wilson A. Wijaya et al.

Summary: The prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and its role in the etiology of other skin diseases are still controversial. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between MCPyV infection and MCC, non-MCC skin lesions, and normal skin. The results showed that MCPyV infection was significantly associated with an increased risk of MCC, but the prevalence rate of MCPyV+ in non-MCC skin lesions was low, indicating a possible pathogenic association with the development of non-MCC skin lesions.

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Complete response of Merkel cell carcinoma with talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) monotherapy

Fiore Casale et al.

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Talimogene laherparepvec resulting in near-complete response in a patient with treatment-refractory Merkel cell carcinoma

Michael A. Cilento et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive tumor that can grow rapidly and metastasize early. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radionuclide therapy, immunotherapy, and intralesional therapy. This case report highlights the exceptional response of a patient who had exhausted all available treatments to intralesional injection of TVEC.

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Chemical biology and pharmacology of histone lysine methylation inhibitors

Samir H. Barghout et al.

Summary: Histone lysine methylation plays a key role in epigenetic regulation, and dysregulation of this process is implicated in various diseases, especially cancer. KMTs have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets, with several inhibitors already in clinical trials.

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Diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline - Update 2022

Marie-Lea Gauci et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer with distinct molecular subtypes. Risk factors include age, UV exposure, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.

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Jia Zeng et al.

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ATTAC-MCC: Phase I/II study of autologous CD8+ and CD4+ transgenic T cells expressing a high affinity MCPyV-specific TCR combined with checkpoint inhibitors and class I MHC-upregulation in patients with metastatic MCC refractory to PD-1 axis blockade.

Joshua Veatch et al.

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Navtemadlin (KRT-232) activity after failure of anti-PD-1/L1 therapy in patients (pts) with TP53WT Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

Michael K.K. Wong et al.

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A Retrospective Study of Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab in Anti-PD-L1/PD-1 Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Sophia Z. Shalhout et al.

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Ipilimumab plus nivolumab in avelumab-refractory Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicenter study of the prospective skin cancer registry ADOREG

Valerie Glutsch et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer. The primary and secondary resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition is a challenge in treatment. This study found that later-line combined IPI/NIVO treatment showed high response rates, durable benefits, and promising overall survival rates in patients with anti-PD-L1-refractory Merkel cell carcinoma.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

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Addiction of Merkel cell carcinoma to MUC1-C identifies a potential new target for treatment

Yoshihiro Morimoto et al.

Summary: This study discovered that MUC1-C is broadly expressed in MCCs and has higher expression levels in MCPyV-positive MCCs. MUC1-C regulates signaling pathways related to RNA synthesis, processing, and transport and interacts with MYCL to drive MCC progression. It is also necessary for the expression of pluripotency factors and NE lineage transcription factors. MUC1-C is crucial for MCC cell survival by suppressing DNA replication stress, the p53 pathway, and apoptosis. Targeting MUC1-C inhibits MCC self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity, making it a potential target for MCC treatment.

ONCOGENE (2022)

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Glypican-3 (GPC3) is associated with MCPyV-negative status and impaired outcome in Merkel cell carcinoma

Sujatha Muralidharan et al.

Oncotarget (2022)

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Valemetostat: First approval as a dual inhibitor of EZH1/2 to treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Fangzhou Dou et al.

Summary: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Dual targeting EZH1/2 through selective inhibition of EZH2 and induction of EZH1 activation may be a promising strategy for developing potent antitumor agents.

DRUG DISCOVERIES AND THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Oncology

Activation of Oncogenic and Immune-Response Pathways Is Linked to Disease-Specific Survival in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Benjamin Sundqvist et al.

Summary: This study identified genes and pathways associated with disease-specific survival in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Genes upregulated among survivors were mainly involved in immune response, while genes upregulated among patients who died from MCC were associated with pathways promoting cancer progression.

CANCERS (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

James DeCaprio1,2,3 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5

Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan et al.

Summary: In this study, the efficacy of milademetan, an MDM2 inhibitor, was assessed in various MCC models, showing significant inhibition on WT p53 MCC tumors. Useful in vitro and in vivo models for future MCC studies were also reported.

JCI INSIGHT (2022)

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Article Immunology

LAMP-1 Chimeric to HIV-1 p55Gag in the Immunization of Neonate Mice Induces an Early Germinal Center Formation and AID Expression

Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira et al.

Summary: Neonatal immunization with a LAMP-1/p55Gag DNA vaccine can enhance antibody production and contribute to the development of new vaccine approaches for other emerging pathogens in early life.

VACCINES (2022)

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Recent advances and limitations of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer

Eunus S. Ali et al.

Summary: The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in various biological activities. Targeting mTOR with rapamycin-derived compounds has proven effective in suppressing mTOR activity and reducing cancer cell growth.

CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy

Johannes Hofland et al.

Summary: Theranostics is the use of a targeting molecule labeled with a diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclide to deliver tumoricidal radiation to tumor sites. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (SSAs) is an established treatment for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), particularly for patients with low-grade GEP NENs.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma: a randomised, open label, phase 2 trial

Sungjune Kim et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in treating Merkel cell carcinoma. The results showed clinical benefits in both first-line treatment and in patients who had previously received anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 therapy. However, the addition of SBRT did not improve the treatment outcomes.

LANCET (2022)

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Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in non-resectable Merkel cell carcinoma

Philippe Saiag et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Pathology

RB1-deficient squamous cell carcinoma: the proposed source of combined Merkel cell carcinoma

Ryan C. DeCoste et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with different subtypes based on the origin of Merkel cell polyomavirus and genetic damage. This study used genomic profiling and immunohistochemistry to investigate the mutational profiles and pathogenesis of MCC. The results showed that MCPyV+ and MCPyV- MCCs are distinct entities in terms of pathogenesis and the NE and SCC components of combined MCCs are linked through shared genetic profiles.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

Therapeutic Potential of 5′-Methylschweinfurthin G in Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Emily J. Koubek et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive form of skin cancer caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). A recent study found that schweinfurthin compounds can selectively inhibit MCPyV-infected cancer cell lines and induce apoptosis. This discovery suggests a promising new therapeutic option for virus-induced MCC.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Oncology

Transcriptional and functional analyses of neoantigen-specific CD4 T cells during a profound response to anti-PD-L1 in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

Candice Church et al.

Summary: This study identified and characterized tumor-specific Th1-skewed CD4 T cells targeting multiple neoantigens in a patient who experienced a profound and durable partial response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. This is the first report of neoantigen-specific T cell responses in MCC, suggesting that CD4 T cells may play an important role in the response to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

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Review Oncology

Real-world clinical outcomes with avelumab in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma treated in the USA: a multicenter chart review study

Shailender Bhatia et al.

Summary: This real-world study of advanced MCC patients treated with avelumab showed high response rates, durable responses, and prolonged survival. The findings validate the results demonstrated in prospective clinical trials and other observational studies.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

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Review Oncology

The impact of merkel cell polyomavirus positivity on prognosis of merkel cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aimin Yang et al.

Summary: Recent studies have found a significant correlation between MCPyV positivity and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in MCC patients. However, the predictive and clinicopathological value of MCPyV positivity still needs further investigation.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Emran Askari et al.

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Reversal of viral and epigenetic HLA class I repression in Merkel cell carcinoma

Patrick C. Lee et al.

Summary: This study reveals transcriptional suppression of HLA-I antigen presentation in Merkel cell carcinoma and identifies MYCL, PRC1.1, and USP7 as regulators in this process.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Review Oncology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Yavar Shiravand et al.

Summary: The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, leading to the successful utilization of targeted monoclonal antibodies in various cancer patients. However, not all patients respond favorably to these drugs, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to predict treatment responses.

CURRENT ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Dermatology

High somatostatin receptor expression and efficacy of somatostatin analogues in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

T. Akaike et al.

Summary: In patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), most tumors express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and treatment with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) can lead to clinically meaningful disease control with minimal side effects. Furthermore, the degree of SSTR expression did not significantly correlate with treatment efficacy, suggesting potential for further exploration of targeting SSTRs in MCC.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Dermatology

Improved survival in women versus men with merkel cell carcinoma

Moses Tam et al.

Summary: Research suggests that women with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have better survival outcomes compared to men, primarily due to differences in MCC-related mortality. This gender difference may play a role in the treatment and prognosis of MCC.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Dermatology

The HDAC Inhibitor Domatinostat Promotes Cell-Cycle Arrest, Induces Apoptosis, and Increases Immunogenicity of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cells

Lina Song et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer, with immune modulation by immune checkpoint inhibitors showing promise. However, resistance to immunotherapy remains a significant challenge. Histone deacetylase inhibitors like domatinostat have shown potential to reverse low MHC I expression and increase MCC cells' susceptibility to cytotoxic T cell recognition and elimination.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

James A. DeCaprio

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has two distinct etiologies, with one caused by viral DNA integration and the other by UV damage. Despite different causes, both forms of MCC have similar presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy. Oncogenic transcriptional programs, cell proliferation rates, and neuroendocrine differentiation programs play important roles in both types of MCC.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE, VOL 16, 2021 (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multimodal Strategy in Localized Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading?

Gianluca Ricco et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma is a skin neuroendocrine tumor, with increasing incidence and potentially curable with multimodal treatment. The optimal management of non-metastatic MCC remains unclear, but promising new treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being explored. Current treatment recommendations focus on localized MCC, with analysis needed for the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment modalities.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Dermatology

Assessment of Age, Period, and Birth Cohort Effects and Trends in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Incidence in the United States

Daniel Jacobs et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the associations of patient age, calendar period of diagnosis, and birth cohort with the increasing incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma. The incidence rate is projected to continue rising due to changes in risk factors and the aging population.

JAMA DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Response durability after cessation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter DeCOG study

H. M. Stege et al.

Summary: The study found that MCC patients are at a higher risk of relapse after discontinuation of ICI compared to melanoma patients. Re-induction of ICI is a feasible option for tumor progression, with initial BOR to ICI therapy potentially predicting successful re-induction.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2021)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

A PHASE 2 STUDY OF RETIFANLIMAB IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED OR METASTATIC MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA (MCC) (POD1UM-201)

Giovanni Grignani et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Immunology

Development of a therapeutic vaccine targeting Merkel cell polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 against Merkel cell carcinoma

Dan Xu et al.

Summary: The study showed that immunotherapy using a VP1-target vaccine can improve the prognosis of MCC patients by activating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to inhibit tumor growth.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

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Article Dermatology

International Increases in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Incidence Rates between 1997 and 2016

Catherine M. Olsen et al.

Summary: The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is steadily increasing in various countries, with higher rates among men compared to women. In the United States, there is a notable increase in MCC incidence in different anatomical sites for both genders.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Avelumab in patients with previously treated metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (JAVELIN Merkel 200): updated overall survival data after >5 years of follow-up

S. P. D'Angelo et al.

Summary: Avelumab monotherapy demonstrated significant long-term overall survival in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma whose disease had progressed after chemotherapy, supporting its role as a standard of care for these patients.

ESMO OPEN (2021)

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Article Oncology

Three-year survival, correlates and salvage therapies in patients receiving first-line pembrolizumab for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma

Paul Nghiem et al.

Summary: In this study, the use of pembrolizumab in Merkel cell carcinoma patients showed a 58% overall response rate and a 39.1% 3-year progression-free survival rate. Patients with specific baseline factors and completion of 2 years of treatment were associated with better response and longer survival. Some patients experiencing disease progression or relapse following response had extended survival with salvage therapies including chemotherapies and immunotherapies.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Review Oncology

Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): An Intralesional Cancer Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma

Pier Francesco Ferrucci et al.

Summary: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an oncolytic viral immunotherapy approved for the treatment of melanoma, aiming to trigger immune responses locally and potentially synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Changing Practice Patterns and Impact on Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival at a Single Institution and Nationally

Andrew Esposito et al.

Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, with increasing use of immunotherapy and decreasing use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone in treatment trends. Factors such as older age, smoking, disease progression, and unknown primary site are associated with shorter disease-specific and overall survival in MCC patients.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Dermatology

The novel AKT inhibitor afuresertib suppresses human Merkel cell carcinoma MKL-1 cell growth

J. H. Wu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that AKT has important regulatory functions in Merkel cell carcinoma cells, and inhibition of AKT has significant inhibitory effects on MCC cell proliferation by affecting proliferative pathways.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Oncology

Successful rechallenge with avelumab in Merkel cell carcinoma

Mathilde Amiot et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Avelumab expanded access program in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: Efficacy and safety findings from patients in Europe and the Middle East

Paolo Antonio Ascierto et al.

Summary: Avelumab has been proven to be effective and safe as a treatment option for patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in Europe and the Middle East. The majority of patients received avelumab as second-line treatment, with a high objective response rate observed.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

An analysis of the use of targeted therapies in patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma and an evaluation of genomic correlates of response

Todd C. Knepper et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the responsiveness of targeted therapy in patients with advanced MCC, showing a disease control rate of 19% with the best response being stable disease. Pazopanib alone or in combination exhibited a disease control rate of 36%.

CANCER MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Oncology

Novel agents for myelodysplastic syndromes

Katie Xu et al.

Summary: The article reviews the recent advances in the field of myelodysplastic syndromes, focusing on two newly approved drugs and their pharmacology, clinical trials, and efficacy. These novel agents have shown promising clinical benefits for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.

JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY PHARMACY PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Oncology

From Immunogenic Cell Death to Immunogenic Modulation: Select Chemotherapy Regimens Induce a Spectrum of Immune-Enhancing Activities in the Tumor Microenvironment

Kellsye P. Fabian et al.

Summary: Cancer treatment has entered the era of immunotherapy with the importance of rational combination strategies becoming clear. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell stress, promoting immune response. Treatment strategies should be designed to take advantage of these effects.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Dermatology

Polyomavirus-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma Derived from a Trichoblastoma Suggests an Epithelial Origin of this Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Thibault Kervarrec et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Outcomes: Does AJCC8 Underestimate Survival?

C. R. Farley et al.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Review Dermatology

Merkel cell carcinoma update: the case for two tumours

A. Nirenberg et al.

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Patterns of distant metastases in 215 Merkel cell carcinoma patients: Implications for prognosis and surveillance

Christopher W. Lewis et al.

CANCER MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Oncology

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab for Patients With Resectable Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the CheckMate 358 Trial

Suzanne L. Topalian et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inhibition of PI3K by copanlisib exerts potent antitumor effects on Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines and mouse xenografts

Bin Fang et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Oncology

Prevalent and Diverse Intratumoral Oncoprotein-Specific CD8+ T Cells within Polyomavirus-Driven Merkel Cell Carcinomas

Lichen Jing et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Polyomavirus-driven Merkel cell carcinoma: Prospects for therapeutic vaccine development

Shira Tabachnick-Cherny et al.

MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS (2020)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy and safety of avelumab treatment in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: experience from a global expanded access program

John W. Walker et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

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Article Oncology

Avelumab in patients with previously treated metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: long-term data and biomarker analyses from the single-arm phase 2 JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial

Sandra P. D'Angelo et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

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Article Oncology

PD-L1 targeting high-affinity NK (t-haNK) cells induce direct antitumor effects and target suppressive MDSC populations

Kellsye P. Fabian et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

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Article Oncology

Artesunate Affects T Antigen Expression and Survival of Virus-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Bhavishya Sarma et al.

CANCERS (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Merkel cell polyomavirus activates LSD1-mediated blockade of non-canonical BAF to regulate transformation and tumorigenesis

Donglim Esther Park et al.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

FDA Accelerated Approval of Pembrolizumab for Recurrent Locally Advanced or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Diana Bradford et al.

ONCOLOGIST (2020)

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Article Oncology

ESMO consensus conference recommendations on the management of metastatic melanoma: under the auspices of the ESMO Guidelines Committee

U. Keilholz et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

MUC1-C in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis; emergence as a target for cancer treatment

Donald W. Kufe

CARCINOGENESIS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

LSD1 inhibition induces differentiation and cell death in Merkel cell carcinoma

Lukas Leiendecker et al.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Robust Production of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Oncogene Specific T Cells From Healthy Donors for Adoptive Transfer

Sarah I. Davies et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Are anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 alike? The non-small-cell lung cancer paradigm

Giuseppe Luigi Banna et al.

ONCOLOGY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Oncology

Navitoclax combined with Alpelisib effectively inhibits Merkel cell carcinoma cell growth in vitro

Emil Chteinberg et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent advances in the development of protein-protein interactions modulators: mechanisms and clinical trials

Haiying Lu et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Elucidating the mechanism of action of domatinostat (4SC-202) in cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells

Marion Wobser et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Risk of immune-related adverse events associated with ipilimumab-plus-nivolumab and nivolumab therapy in cancer patients

Shi Zhou et al.

THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL RISK MANAGEMENT (2019)

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Article Oncology

Rescue of Immunotherapy-Refractory Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy and Concurrent Pembrolizumab

Brooke C. Bloom et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Pathology

Morphologic and immunophenotypical features distinguishing Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive and negative Merkel cell carcinoma

Thibault Kervarrec et al.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2019)

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Article Oncology

Rescue therapy for patients with anti-PD-1-refractory Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicenter, retrospective case series

Jaclyn LoPiccolo et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2019)

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Review Oncology

Histogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Thibault Kervarrec et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Oncology

Decreased H3K27me3 Expression Is Associated With Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Especially Combined With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Michiko Matsushita et al.

ANTICANCER RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Oncology

The Genomic Landscape of Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Clinicogenomic Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Todd C. Knepper et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Viral and tumor antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses in Merkel cell carcinoma

Mahtab Samimi et al.

CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Hematology

Phase I study of domatinostat (4SC-202), a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor in patients with advanced hematological malignancies

Bastian von Tresckow et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2019)

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Letter Dermatology

VEGF-A Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Approach in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Thibault Kervarrec et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dual inhibition of MDM2 and MDM4 in virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma enhances the p53 response

Donglim Esther Park et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Drug Therapy: Molecular Pharmacology and Evolving Resistance

Laura E. Heller et al.

TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2019)

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Letter Dermatology

Merkel cell polyomavirus is uncommon in New Zealand Merkel cell carcinomas

B. Woodhouse et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Oncology

Merkel cell carcinoma and cellular cytotoxicity: sensitivity to cellular lysis and screening for potential target antigens suitable for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Jocelyn Ollier et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2018)

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Article Oncology

The association between geographic location and incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma in comparison to melanoma: An international assessment

Andreas Stang et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2018)

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Article Dermatology

Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics

Kelly G. Paulson et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2018)

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Review Oncology

Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Version 1.2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Christopher K. Bichakjian et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus Placebo in Resected Stage III Melanoma

Alexander M. M. Eggermont et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Are there multiple cells of origin of Merkel cell carcinoma?

J. C. Sunshine et al.

ONCOGENE (2018)

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Article Oncology

Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Guilherme Rabinowits et al.

ONCOLOGIST (2018)

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Article Oncology

In-field and abscopal response after short-course radiation therapy in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma progressing on PD-1 checkpoint blockade: a case series

Melody J. Xu et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2018)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

Adjuvant ipilimumab compared with observation in completely resected Merkel cell carcinoma (ADMEC): A randomized, multicenter DeCOG/ADO study

Jurgen C. Becker et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)

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Article Dermatology

Traitement des carcinomes de Merkel inopérables et/ou métastatiques par analogue de la somatostatine. Étude nationale multicentrique mono-bras de phase II

M.-T. Leccia et al.

ANNALES DE DERMATOLOGIE ET DE VENEREOLOGIE (2018)

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Article Oncology

Does Neutron Radiation Therapy Potentiate an Immune Response to Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

Stephanie K. Schaub et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARTICLE THERAPY (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Benefit from Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series of 5 Patients

Erica S. Tarabadkar et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS (2018)

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Review Oncology

Systematic literature review of efficacy, safety and tolerability outcomes of chemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

Paul Nghiem et al.

FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Article Pathology

Increased expression of EZH2 in Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with disease progression and poorer prognosis

Kelly L. Harms et al.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2017)

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Article Dermatology

Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A More Aggressive Subtype Based on Analysis of 282 Cases Using Multimodal Tumor Virus Detection

Ata S. Moshiri et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Oncology

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 012): results of an open-label, phase 1, multicohort study

Matthew D. Hellmann et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Article Pathology

Reduced H3K27me3 expression in Merkel cell polyoma virus-positive tumors

Klaus J. Busam et al.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Stepwise assembly of functional C-terminal REST/NRSF transcriptional repressor complexes as a drug target

Ken Inui et al.

PROTEIN SCIENCE (2017)

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Review Oncology

From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy

Thomas Efferth

SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Exhibits Dominant Control of the Tumor Genome and Transcriptome in Virus-Associated Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Gabriel J. Starrett et al.

MBIO (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Merkel cell polyomavirus recruits MYCL to the EP400 complex to promote oncogenesis

Jingwei Cheng et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2017)

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Article Oncology

Tumor-Infiltrating Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Are Diverse and Associated with Improved Patient Survival

Natalie J. Miller et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Oncology

Preclinical evaluation of NF-κB-triggered dendritic cells expressing the viral oncogenic driver of Merkel cell carcinoma for therapeutic vaccination

Kerstin F. Gerer et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Epigenetic priming restores the HLA class-I antigen processing machinery expression in Merkel cell carcinoma

Cathrin Ritter et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Article Oncology

Phase 1/2 Study of the CD56-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Lorvotuzumab Mertansine (IMGN901) in Combination With Carboplatin/Etoposide in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Extensive-Stage Disease

Mark A. Socinski et al.

CLINICAL LUNG CANCER (2017)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

Augmentation of adoptive T-cell therapy for Merkel cell carcinoma with avelumab.

Kelly Garneski Paulson et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

Non-comparative, open-label, multiple cohort, phase 1/2 study to evaluate nivolumab (NIVO) in patients with virus-associated tumors (CheckMate 358): Efficacy and safety in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)

Suzanne L. Topalian et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Oncology

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Initiates Merkel Cell Carcinoma-like Tumor Development in Mice

Monique E. Verhaegen et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Oncology

Aberrant expression of ALK and EZH2 in Merkel cell carcinoma

Tuukka Veija et al.

BMC CANCER (2017)

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Article Oncology

Serine 220 phosphorylation of the Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen crucially supports growth of Merkel cell carcinoma cells

David Schrama et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2016)

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Article Oncology

Dual mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 suppresses Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) xenograft tumor growth

Aarthi Kannan et al.

ONCOTARGET (2016)

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Article Oncology

Mutational landscape of MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative Merkel cell carcinomas with implications for immunotherapy

Gerald Goh et al.

ONCOTARGET (2016)

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Editorial Material Oncology

First oncolytic virus approved for melanoma immunotherapy

Jonathan Pol et al.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Oncology

Analysis of Prognostic Factors from 9387 Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cases Forms the Basis for the New 8th Edition AJCC Staging System

Kelly L. Harms et al.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2016)

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Article Dermatology

Survival with nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany

N. Eisemann et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2016)

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Review Oncology

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Therapeutic Update

Nicole M. Cassler et al.

CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY (2016)

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Article Oncology

Phase I study of IMGN901, a CD56-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with CD56-positive solid tumors

Manisha H. Shah et al.

INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS (2016)

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Article Oncology

Avelumab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial

Howard L. Kaufman et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Merkel-Cell Carcinoma

Paul T. Nghiem et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Oncology

RB1 is the crucial target of the Merkel cell polyomavirus Large T antigen in Merkel cell carcinoma cells

Sonja Hesbacher et al.

ONCOTARGET (2016)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Polycomb-Mediated Repression and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Interact to Regulate Merkel Cell Specification during Skin Development

Carolina N. Perdigoto et al.

PLOS GENETICS (2016)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

UKMCC-01: A phase II study of pazopanib (PAZ) in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.

Paul D. Nathan et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2016)

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Review Oncology

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: An Overview

Ashutosh Dash et al.

CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS (2015)

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Article Oncology

The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Paul William Harms et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Immunology

The evolution of checkpoint blockade as a cancer therapy: what's here, what's next?

Daniel Sanghoon Shin et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Somatostatin Receptors 2A and 5 Are Expressed in Merkel Cell Carcinoma with No Association with Disease Severity

Charlotte Gardair et al.

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY (2015)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Response to Idelalisib in a Patient with Stage IV Merkel-Cell Carcinoma

Mallory B. Shiver et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy

Ton N. Schumacher et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

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Article Oncology

Complete remission of Merkel cell carcinoma on the upper lip treated with radiation monotherapy and a literature review of Japanese cases

Naoya Kitamura et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2015)

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Article Pathology

CD8+ Lymphocyte Intratumoral Infiltration as a Stage-Independent Predictor of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Survival A Population-Based Study

Kelly G. Paulson et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2014)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and cancer: an updated review

Miriam Martini et al.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Oncology

Outcomes of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy without Radical Surgical Excision

Chris Harrington et al.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2014)

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Article Oncology

Chronic mTOR activation promotes cell survival in Merkel cell carcinoma

Zhenyu Lin et al.

CANCER LETTERS (2014)

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Article Oncology

T-cell Responses to Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Proteins Distinguish Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma from Healthy Donors

Rikke Lyngaa et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2014)

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Article Oncology

Regression of Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma Following Transfer of Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells and Therapies Capable of Reinducing HLA Class-I

Aude G. Chapuis et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2014)

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Article Oncology

Downregulation of MHC-I Expression Is Prevalent but Reversible in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Kelly G. Paulson et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Pharmacophore identification of c-Myc inhibitor 10074-G5

Jeremy L. Yap et al.

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2013)

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Article Microbiology

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Controls Viral Replication and Oncoprotein Expression by Targeting the Cellular Ubiquitin Ligase SCFFbw7

Hyun Jin Kwun et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Polycomb subunits Ezh1 and Ezh2 regulate the Merkel cell differentiation program in skin stem cells

Evan S. Bardot et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2013)

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Article Pathology

Usefulness of significant morphologic characteristics in distinguishing between Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive and Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinomas

Takeshi Iwasaki et al.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2013)

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Article Dermatology

Mechanisms of p53 Restriction in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cells Are Independent of the Merkel Cell Polyoma Virus T Antigens

Roland Houben et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Creation of a Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen-expressing murine tumor model and a DNA vaccine targeting small T antigen

Bianca Gomez et al.

CELL AND BIOSCIENCE (2013)

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Article Oncology

Activation of PI3K Signaling in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Valentina Nardi et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2012)

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Article Oncology

An intact retinoblastoma protein-binding site in Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen is required for promoting growth of Merkel cell carcinoma cells

Roland Houben et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Activation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Christian Hafner et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Strategy for eliciting antigen-specific CD8+T cell-mediated immune response against a cryptic CTL epitope of merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen

Bianca P. Gomez et al.

CELL AND BIOSCIENCE (2012)

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Article Oncology

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outcome in Merkel cell carcinoma, a virus-associated cancer

Harri Sihto et al.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Review Dermatology

Which Are the Cells of Origin in Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

Thomas Tilling et al.

JOURNAL OF SKIN CANCER (2012)

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Article Oncology

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell Responses Identified in Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Blood

Jayasri G. Iyer et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2011)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

The State of the Art in Anti-Malarial Drug Discovery and Development

Jeremy N. Burrows et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Pathology

Immunohistochemistry for Merkel cell polyomavirus is highly specific but not sensitive for the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in the Australian population

Julie Y. Paik et al.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2011)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Human Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen is an oncoprotein targeting the 4E-BP1 translation regulator

Masahiro Shuda et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2011)

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Article Oncology

High Levels of Antibodies Against Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Identify a Subset of Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Better Clinical Outcome

Antoine Touze et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2011)

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Article Oncology

A Phase II Trial of Imatinib Mesylate in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin) A Southwest Oncology Group Study (S0331)

Wolfram E. Samlowski et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS (2010)

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Review Oncology

Epigenetics in cancer

Shikhar Sharma et al.

CARCINOGENESIS (2010)

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Article Virology

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Infected Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cells Require Expression of Viral T Antigens

Roland Houben et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2010)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Vaccination against HPV-16 Oncoproteins for Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Gemma G. Kenter et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

T antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for Merkel cell polyomavirus

Masahiro Shuda et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma

Huichen Feng et al.

SCIENCE (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2

LT Vassilev et al.

SCIENCE (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear arnine oxidase homolog LSD1

YJ Shi et al.

CELL (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ICP34.5 deleted herpes simplex virus with enhanced oncolytic, immune stimulating, and anti-tumour properties

BL Liu et al.

GENE THERAPY (2003)

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