Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 260, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115761
Keywords
Boron; Drug design; Bioisosteric replacement; Phosphate; Boronic acid; Benzoxaboroles
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Continuous efforts are being made to harness the advantages and unique characteristics of boron in drug design. Pharmacological studies have shown that boron demonstrates superior performance as a substitute for phosphates. Research on boron phosphates is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to play a significant role in future medicinal chemistry projects.
Continuous efforts are being directed toward the employment of boron in drug design due to its advantages and unique characteristics including a plethora of target engagement modes, lower metabolism, and synthetic accessibility, among others. Phosphates are components of multiple drug molecules as well as clinical candidates, since they play a vital role in various biochemical functions, being components of nucleotides, energy currencyATP as well as several enzyme cofactors. This review discusses the unique chemistry of boron functionalities as phosphate bioisosteres - the boron-phosphorus elemental exchange strategy as well as the superiority of boron groups over other commonly employed phosphate bioisosteres. Boron phosphate-mimetics have been utilized for the development of enzyme inhibitors as well as novel borononucleotides. Both the boron functionalities described in this review-boronic acids and benzoxaboroles-contain a boron connected to two oxygens and one carbon atom. The boron atom of these functional groups coordinates with a water molecule in the enzyme site forming a tetrahedral molecule which mimics the phosphate structure. Although boron phosphate-mimetic molecules - FDA-approved Crisaborole and phase II/III clinical candidate Acoziborole are products of the boron-phosphorus bioisosteric elemental exchange strategy, this technique is still in its infancy. The review aims to promote the use of this strategy in future medicinal chemistry projects.
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