The energy dissipation mechanism of bi-metal Kevlar\titanium fiber metal laminate under high-velocity impact

Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) is an impact resistant material widely used in marine and aerospace engineering structures that need to withstand impact damage, especially deck and bulkhead structures. To investigate the effect of titanium skin on energy dissipation, a series of ballistic impact experiments were performed on a bimetal FML in this study. The FML were made of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) skins and orthogonally woven Kevlar-129 fabric impregnated with E54-epoxy resin. Thus, this FML can be also called as bi-metal Kevlar/titanium FML. In addition, a numerical model based on stress wave theory is proposed to study the energy dissipation mechanism of the bi-metal FML under high-velocity ballistic impact. The residual ballistic velocity of the numerical model is verified by the experimental data in this paper and previous experimental data, showing that the numerical model is a more efficient method to analyze the energy dissipation mechanism of bi-metal FML. According to the numerical results, as the dominant energy dissipation, the perfectly inelastic collision of titanium skins dissipated 43%-62% and 17%-27% of total energy at the high-velocity penetration and ballistic limit, respectively. However, regardless of whether the FML has been penetrated, the compression-shear of Kevlar interlayer dissipated 24%-27% of total energy. Furthermore, the numerical calculations also show that the ballistic limit increases approximately linearly with the relative titanium skin thickness when the front titanium skin of the FML is thicker. Finally, this paper proposes a simple specific energy absorption prediction formula that helps to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of FML.

Automated summary

This study investigates the effect of titanium skin on energy dissipation in fiber metal laminate (FML) through a series of ballistic impact experiments. The results show that the perfectly inelastic collision of titanium skins dissipates 43%-62% and 17%-27% of the total energy at high-velocity penetration and ballistic limit, respectively. The compression-shear of the Kevlar interlayer dissipates 24%-27% of the total energy regardless of whether the FML has been penetrated. The numerical calculations also demonstrate that the ballistic limit increases approximately linearly with the relative titanium skin thickness when the front titanium skin of the FML is thicker. Moreover, a simple specific energy absorption prediction formula is proposed to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of FML.