4.7 Article

Thermodynamic analysis of a gas turbine utilizing ternary CH4/H2/NH3 fuel blends

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Energy & Fuels

Laminar burning velocity measurement of CH4/H2/NH3-air premixed flames at high mixture temperatures

Pragya Berwal et al.

Summary: Development of carbon-free fuels is crucial for sustainable energy growth and low carbon emissions. This study investigates the potential of CH4/H2/NH3-air mixtures as alternative fuels through the measurement of burning velocity. The results show that under certain conditions, the burning velocity of CH4/H2/NH3 mixtures is similar to CH4-air mixtures, indicating their potential in reducing carbon emissions.
Article Thermodynamics

Investigation on lean blow-off characteristics and stabilization mechanism of premixed hydrogen enhanced ammonia/air swirl flames in a gas turbine combustor

Xutao Wei et al.

Summary: Ammonia (NH3) is considered as a promising alternative energy source due to its zero-carbon nature, however, its low reactivity, high activation energy, and high nitrogen content pose challenges for its application in power plants. Co-firing NH3 with H2 could enhance flame stabilization without increasing NOx emissions. The addition of H2 increases the flame speed and resistance to stretch, leading to improved combustion intensity and flame stabilization. The enhancement of combustion activity is attributed to both hydrogen and ammonia oxidation. Although the inner recirculation zone becomes thinner and lower with H2 addition, the increase in combustion species mainly comes from fuel oxidation rather than the effect of the recirculation zone.

COMBUSTION AND FLAME (2023)

Article Thermodynamics

Impact of H2/CH4 blends on the flexibility of micromix burners applied to industrial combustion systems

G. Lopez-Ruiz et al.

Summary: This paper investigates the feasibility of using H-2/CH4 fuel blends in micromix-type burners applied to industrial combustion systems. The micromix burner concept shows low NOx emissions and no flashback risk, making it promising for industrial burners. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to analyze the flow characteristics, temperature, and exhaust emissions of different H-2/CH4 fuel blends under different equivalence ratios.

ENERGY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

The decreasing effect of ammonia enrichment on the combustion emission of hydrogen, methane, and propane fuels

Mehmet Salih Cellek

Summary: In this study, non-premixed combustion and NOx emission of H-2, NH3, C3H8, and CH4 fuels were investigated. The results showed that H-2 fuel had a high flame temperature, NH3 fuel had the shortest flame length, and C3H8 fuel had the longest flame shape. The highest level of NOx emissions was observed from NH3 fuel in the combustion chamber, while the lowest NOx emissions were observed from CH4 fuel. NH3 enrichment and excess air combustion could significantly reduce the NOx emissions from H(2) and other fuels during combustion.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Experimental study on structure and blow-off characteristics of NH3/CH4 co-firing flames in a swirl combustor

Longjuan Ji et al.

Summary: This study investigated the experimental study of unconfined lean premixed NH3/CH4/air flames and found that adding CH4 fuel can improve flame speed and stability, resulting in a wider flame range. However, excessive stretching is the key factor for flame blow-off.
Article Energy & Fuels

Stratified and Hydrogen Combustion Techniques for Higher Turndown and Lower Emissions in Gas Turbines

Medhat A. Nemitallah et al.

Summary: This article reviews the combustion technologies for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy in industrial gas turbines. It introduces low-temperature combustion techniques and methods for controlling NOx emissions. The challenges faced by current combustion technologies are discussed, and improved designs and strategies are proposed to overcome these challenges.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Combustion features of CH4/NH3/H2 ternary blends

S. Mashruk et al.

Summary: The use of green hydrogen for decarbonization has attracted attention, and ammonia can be used as a chemical to transport and distribute green hydrogen while improving the operability of power systems. However, pure ammonia shows slow reaction kinetics and requires doping with more reactive molecules. Ammonia is expected to replace natural gas in power and heat production, and hydrogen can be obtained from the pre-cracking of ammonia. Therefore, the analysis of combustion properties of ammonia/methane/hydrogen blends is important for the transition to renewable energy.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Decarbonizing power systems: A critical review of the role of energy storage

Mehdi Jafari et al.

Summary: Meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets requires a multi-pronged approach, including decarbonizing the power sector. Energy storage systems play a crucial role in the transition towards renewable-based power supply. However, there are gaps in the current research, such as the lack of consideration for ambitious emissions targets and the importance of local context and technological factors.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2022)

Article Thermodynamics

Ammonia/Methane combustion: Stability and NOx emissions

Giovanni Battista Ariemma et al.

Summary: Ammonia is considered a valuable energy vector in the shift towards Renewable Energy Sources. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of ammonia/methane blends under MILD Combustion conditions, revealing that the use of blends expands the operational range of the system but leads to higher NOx emissions.

COMBUSTION AND FLAME (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

On the effects of NH3 addition to a reacting mixture of H2/CH4 under MILD combustion regime: Numerical modeling with a modified EDC combustion model

Seyed Mahmood Mousavi et al.

Summary: This paper examines the behavior of reacting NH3/H2/CH4 mixtures in moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) condition. It is observed that addition of NH3 to MILD combustion leads to markedly different behaviors compared to that in conventional combustion, affecting flame lift-off and increasing process reactivity. Additionally, NH3 addition in MILD condition does not increase the emission of NO, while slightly decreasing the mass fraction of NO2.
Article Energy & Fuels

An energy storage dispatch optimization for demand-side management in industrial facilities

Joseph Elio et al.

Summary: An energy storage (ES) dispatch optimization was conducted to test the performance of lithium-ion battery ES, supercapacitor ES, and compressed air ES in different industrial facilities. The results showed that compressed air ES had the highest return on investment for both facilities and provided insights for future development of ES systems.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2022)

Article Thermodynamics

Nitrogen oxide emissions analyses in ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed swirling flames

Syed Mashruk et al.

Summary: Ammonia/hydrogen fuel blends show promise in the development of a hydrogen economy, with advantages in storage cost and combustion properties compared to pure hydrogen or pure ammonia. This study investigates the nitrogen oxide emissions trends for these blends and identifies the optimal fuel fractions and equivalence ratios for reducing emissions.

ENERGY (2022)

Article Thermodynamics

NO and OH* emission characteristics of very-lean to stoichiometric ammonia-hydrogen-air swirl flames

Xuren Zhu et al.

Summary: The experimental investigation showed that using ammonia-hydrogen mixtures as fuel under lean conditions can lead to low NO emissions. The intensity of OH* chemiluminescence can serve as a proxy for the NO mole fraction, providing a low-cost technique to evaluate NO emissions from flames fueled with hydrogen-enriched ammonia blends.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2021)

Article Thermodynamics

The blow-off and transient characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels in a swirl combustor

Meng Zhang et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier, but faces challenges when burned in gas turbines. Addition of methane can improve the combustion stability of ammonia, while swirl number has limited effect on ammonia flame.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Structure and Laminar Flame Speed of an Ammonia/Methane/Air Premixed Flame under Varying Pressure and Equivalence Ratio

Rodolfo C. Rocha et al.

Summary: This paper presents a study on premixed laminar ammonia/methane/air flames through experiments and numerical simulations. The research aims to understand flame structures and NO formation, as well as determine the laminar flame speed under various conditions. The findings reveal the effects of pressure, equivalence ratio, and ammonia fraction in the fuel on flame characteristics and NO emissions.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Kinetics modeling of NOx emissions characteristics of a NH3/H2 fueled gas turbine combustor

Zhaoxing Li et al.

Summary: This paper conducted a kinetics modeling study on the NO(x) emission characteristics of a staged rich-lean combustor cofiring NH3/H-2 mixture, revealing that the equivalence ratio in the rich-burn stage is a key factor influencing NOx emissions. Balancing NO production and unburnt NH3 in the rich-burn stage is crucial for reducing NOx emissions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

Article Thermodynamics

Performance analysis of large-scale industrial gas turbine considering stable combustor operation using novel blended fuel

Yeseul Park et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of fuel exceeding the allowable Wobbe index range on gas turbine system performance through thermodynamic analysis. Different fuel compositions and diluent methods have varying effects on the operability and main parameters of each component.

ENERGY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

NNH mechanism in low-NOx hydrogen combustion: Experimental and numerical analysis of formation pathways

Anmol L. Purohit et al.

Summary: The role of the NNH mechanism in NOx formation was investigated using an atmospheric-pressure jet-stirred reactor (JSR), with different diluents controlling the temperature of the reactor. The experiments showed that NNH is the main contributor in NOx formation during fuel-rich combustion, while nitrous oxide mechanism plays a significant role in fuel-lean conditions.
Article Chemistry, Physical

Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures

Abdulrahman A. Khateeb et al.

Summary: Increasing pressure widens the range of stable equivalence ratios for pure ammonia-air flames. There is a critical ammonia fraction above which the range of stable equivalence ratios suddenly widens, regardless of pressure. The critical ammonia fraction increases with pressure and is larger for ammonia-hydrogen than for ammonia-methane.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

Review Thermodynamics

Advancements of combustion technologies in the ammonia-fuelled engines

Meng-Choung Chiong et al.

Summary: Ammonia has become an attractive alternative fuel for power generation, showing potential in internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Different optimization strategies may be needed for different types of engines, such as increasing hydrogen mass fraction or utilizing multiple fuel injections. Partial premixed combustion has gained considerable interest in gas turbine research for its ability to operate at low equivalence ratios.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A review of energy storage technologies for demand-side management in industrial facilities

Joseph Elio et al.

Summary: This paper critically reviews and compares various energy storage technologies for industrial demand-side management, providing detailed analyses in terms of cost, performance, and durability.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The Effect of High-Temperature Water Vapour on Degradation and Failure of Hot Section Components of Gas Turbine Engines

Kuiying Chen et al.

Summary: The article discusses the detrimental effects of high-temperature water vapor on the degradation and lifespan of hot components in gas turbines, focusing on the degradation of thermally grown oxides, the formation of non-protective oxides in TBCs, and the degradation of EBCs under harsh operating conditions.

COATINGS (2021)

Review Energy & Fuels

The Deactivation of Industrial SCR Catalysts-A Short Review

Agnieszka Szymaszek et al.

ENERGIES (2020)

Article Thermodynamics

Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames

Abdulrahman A. Khateeb et al.

EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE (2020)

Article Thermodynamics

Towards the development of an efficient low-NOx ammonia combustor for a micro gas turbine

Ekenechukwu C. Okafor et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2019)

Article Thermodynamics

Development of a wide range-operable, rich-lean low-NOx combustor for NH3 fuel gas-turbine power generation

Osamu Kurata et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Premixed ammonia/hydrogen swirl combustion under rich fuel conditions for gas turbines operation

A. Valera-Medina et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2019)

Review Chemistry, Physical

A Review of Low Temperature NH3-SCR for Removal of NOx

Devaiah Damma et al.

CATALYSTS (2019)

Review Thermodynamics

Science and technology of ammonia combustion

Hideaki Kobayashi et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2019)

Article Thermodynamics

Experimental and numerical study of the laminar burning velocity of CH4-NH3-air premixed flames

Ekenechukwu C. Okafor et al.

COMBUSTION AND FLAME (2018)

Review Thermodynamics

Ammonia for power

A. Valera-Medina et al.

PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE (2018)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Economic optimisation of European supply chains for CO2 capture, transport and sequestration

Federico d'Amore et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL (2017)

Article Thermodynamics

Performances and emission characteristics of NH3-air and NH3-CH4-air combustion gas-turbine power generations

Osamu Kurata et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2017)

Article Energy & Fuels

Ammonia-methane combustion in tangential swirl burners for gas turbine power generation

Agustin Valera-Medina et al.

APPLIED ENERGY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Laminar burning velocity and Markstein length of ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed flames at elevated pressures

Akinori Ichikawa et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2015)

Proceedings Paper Energy & Fuels

Ammonia, Methane and Hydrogen for Gas Turbines

A. Valera-Medina et al.

CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of ammonia substitution on combustion stability limits and NOx emissions of premixed hydrogen-air flames

J. M. Joo et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2012)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Flammability limits of hydrogen-enriched natural gas

Haiyan Miao et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2011)

Article Thermodynamics

Coal-fired oxy-fuel power unit - Process and system analysis

M. Liszka et al.

ENERGY (2010)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Bio-fuels for the gas turbine: A review

K. K. Gupta et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydrogen injection as additional fuel in gas turbine combustor. Evaluation of effects

G. L. Juste

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2006)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Using hydrogen as gas turbine fuel

P Chiesa et al.

JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME (2005)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability

RW Schefer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2003)

Article Thermodynamics

Combustion of hydrogen-enriched methane in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized burner

RW Schefer et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2002)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Reduced NOX diffusion flame combustors for industrial gas turbines

AS Feitelberg et al.

JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME (2001)

Article Thermodynamics

Gas turbine cogeneration systems: a review of some novel cycles

YSH Najjar

APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING (2000)