Size separation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteins by capillary electrophoresis in dilute and ultra-dilute dextran solutions

SDS capillary gel electrophoresis is a widely used in the biopharma and the biomedical fields for rapid size separation of proteins. However, very limited information is available on the use of dilute and ultra-dilute sieving matrices for SDS-protein analysis. Here, background electrolytes (BGEs) containing 1%-0% dextran were used in borate-based BGE to separate a protein sizing ladder (PSL) & LE;225 kDa and the intact and subunit forms of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb). The separation performance for the PSL and mAb components differed significantly with decreasing dextran concentration. Ferguson and reptation plots were used to elucidate the separation mechanism. Highly diluted dextran solutions resulted in linear Ferguson plots for both solute types (cf. Ogston theory) in spite of this model assumes a rigid pore structure, thus cannot describe the separation mechanism in ultra-dilute polymer solutions with no reticulations. The saddle differences between the resolution of the PSL and the intact/subunit mAb forms in ultra-dilute dextran-borate matrices suggested the importance of shape selectivity, manifested by the adequate separation of the SDS covered intact as well as light and heavy chain subunits of the therapeutic mAb even at zero dextran concentration.

Automated summary

SDS capillary gel electrophoresis is widely used for proteins size separation in the biopharma and biomedical fields. However, little is known about the use of dilute and ultra-dilute sieving matrices for SDS-protein analysis. This study investigated the separation performance of a protein sizing ladder (PSL) and a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) using borate-based background electrolytes (BGEs) containing 1%-0% dextran. The results showed that the separation mechanism in ultra-dilute dextran-borate matrices differed from the traditional rigid pore structure assumption.