An ecosystem service trade-off management framework based on key ecosystem services

Ecosystem services (ESs) provide a bridge between social systems and ecosystems. Effective management of the trade-offs between ecosystem services is an important scientific problem in the study of social-ecological system management. According to the origin of ESs trade-offs, this study summarizes the management approaches of ES trade-off, and points out the shortcomings of the existing management approaches in terms of efficiency and fairness. Finally, according to the shortcomings, an ES trade-off management framework is proposed to improve the efficiency and fairness of ES trade-off management. The research shows that the ES trade-off management framework based on key ecosystem services (KESs) can improve the supply of the KESs, and promote the inevitable loss on the non-key ESs (NKESs) so as to improve the efficiency of ES trade-off management. At the same time, the framework constructs compensation scheme of private winners to private losers is constructed to improve the fairness of ES trade-off management. The results provide potential solutions for ecosystem service trade-off management.

Automated summary

This study summarizes the management approaches of trade-offs between ecosystem services and proposes a framework to improve the efficiency and fairness of this management. The results show that improving the supply of key ecosystem services and compensating for the inevitable loss on non-key ecosystem services can enhance the efficiency and fairness of trade-off management.