Journal
DYES AND PIGMENTS
Volume 215, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111252
Keywords
Aggregation-induced emission; Asymmetric tetraphenyl-13-butadiene de-rivatives; Mechanofluorochromic; Butyl cholinesterase; Glycyrrhetinic acid
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Six asymmetric tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivatives with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were synthesized. The single crystal structure of one derivative showed that a distorted structure and strong intermolecular interactions enhance the fluorescence emission. Two other derivatives exhibited mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties, with MFC attributed to a transition from crystalline to amorphous state. One derivative selectively responded to two compounds in real-time with low detection limits. This work has significance in AIE molecule design and applications.
Six asymmetric tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivatives were firstly designed and synthesized. Their photophysical properties showed the six derivatives having aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The single crystal structure of indanedione-containing tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene showed that the distorted structure and a variety of strong intermolecular interactions limited the intramolecular movement to enhance the fluorescence emission. Cyanoacetate-containing tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB-NC) and dimethylbarbituric-containing tet-raphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB-BC) exhibited typical mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties. Powder X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscope experiments were carried out to reveal the mechanochemical mechanism, and the results showed that MFC was mainly attributed to a transition from crystalline state to amorphous state. In addition, TPB-NC could selectively respond to butyl cholinesterase (BuChE) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in real-time. The low limit of detection for BuChE and GA were 1.61 mu g/mL and 0.03 mu g/mL according to IUPAC-based approach, respectively. The work has significant role in guiding the design of AIE molecules and enlarging their applications.
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