What is PFAPA syndrome? Genetic clues about the pathogenesis

Purpose of reviewPeriodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in childhood. Recent studies report genetic susceptibility variants for PFAPA syndrome and the efficacy of tonsillectomy in a broader cohort of patients with recurrent stereotypical fever. In this review, we highlight the findings of these studies and what they may reveal about the pathogenesis of PFAPA.Recent findingsNewly identified genetic susceptibility loci for PFAPA suggest that it is a complex genetic disorder linked to Behcet's disease and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Patients who have PFAPA with some features of Behcet's disease have been reported. Moreover, the efficacy of tonsillectomy has now been described in patients who do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for PFAPA, although the immunologic profile in the tonsils is different from those with PFAPA. Factors that predict response to tonsillectomy are also reported.SummaryThese findings highlight the heterogeneous phenotypes that may be related to PFAPA due to common genetic susceptibility or response to therapy. These relationships raise questions about how to define PFAPA and highlight the importance of understanding of the genetic architecture of PFAPA and related diseases.

Automated summary

This review summarizes recent findings on PFAPA syndrome, including the discovery of genetic susceptibility loci associated with PFAPA syndrome and the efficacy of tonsillectomy in treating recurrent stereotypical fever. These findings highlight the heterogeneous phenotypes related to PFAPA that may be linked to common genetic susceptibility or response to therapy.