Biomolecular condensates tunes immune signaling at the Host-Pathogen interface

Membraneless organelles participate in diverse spatiotemporal regulation of cellular signal transduction by recruiting neces-sary signaling factors. During host-pathogen interactions, the plasma membrane (PM) at the interface between the plant and microbes serves as a central platform for forming multicom-ponent immune signaling hubs. The macromolecular conden-sation of the immune complex and regulators is important in regulating immune signaling outputs regarding strength, timing, and crosstalk between signaling pathways. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate specific and crosstalk of plant immune signal transduction pathways through macro -molecular assembly and condensation.

Automated summary

This review discusses the diverse spatiotemporal regulation of cellular signal transduction by membraneless organelles through recruiting necessary signaling factors. Specifically, it focuses on the formation of multicomponent immune signaling hubs at the plasma membrane interface during host-pathogen interactions, and the importance of macromolecular condensation in regulating immune signaling outputs and crosstalk between signaling pathways.