Progress in the design and synthesis of viscosupplements for articular joint lubrication

Throughout a lifetime, articular joints experience many loading cycles and are prone to mechanical degradation. To safeguard the cartilage in these joints, the synovial fluid acts as a natural lubricant. However, degenerative joint diseases, like osteoarthritis, alter the composition of synovial fluid, diminishing its protective properties. In such cases, exogenous lubricants or viscosupplements can be injected to enhance the compromised synovial fluid's function. Scientists are now developing nextgeneration viscosupplements, based on hyaluronic acid (HA), that can better bind to and adhere to cartilage. Additionally, nonHA-based viscosupplements offer benefits over HA-based ones, as they possess more intricate molecular architectures, such as dendrimer or bottlebrush-like structures. These viscosupplements draw inspiration from natural molecules present in synovial fluid, providing them with a distinct advantage.

Automated summary

Articular joints experience wear and tear throughout life, and synovial fluid acts as a natural lubricant to protect the cartilage. However, degenerative joint diseases can alter the composition of synovial fluid, leading to decreased protection. Scientists are developing next-generation viscosupplements, particularly those based on hyaluronic acid, to enhance the function of compromised synovial fluid. Non-hyaluronic acid-based viscosupplements with intricate molecular architectures, inspired by natural molecules in synovial fluid, also offer advantages over hyaluronic acid-based ones.