Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Advances

Purpose of ReviewAutologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is increasingly considered a treatment option for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). AHSCT persistently suppresses inflammation and improves the disease course in large proportions of patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Aim of this article is to review the relevant new knowledge published during the last 3 years.Recent FindingsLaboratory studies reported confirmatory and new insights into the immunological and biomarker effects of AHSCT. Retrospective clinical studies confirmed excellent outcomes in RRMS, showing possible superior effectiveness over standard therapies and suggesting a possible benefit in early secondary progressive (SP) MS with inflammatory features. New data on risks of infertility and secondary autoimmunity were also reported.Further evidence on the high effectiveness and acceptable safety of AHSCT strengthens its position as a clinical option for aggressive RRMS. Further research is needed to better define its role in treatment-naive and progressive forms of MS, ideally within randomised clinical trials (RCTs).

Automated summary

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is increasingly recognized as a treatment option for multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have confirmed the persistent anti-inflammatory effects and improvement in disease course in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Further research is needed to determine the role of AHSCT in other forms of MS.