Journal
MEDICINE
Volume 95, Issue 50, Pages -Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005400
Keywords
clinical heterogeneity; olfactory dysfunction; rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81571229, 81071015, 30770745]
- Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China [81030062]
- Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China [kz201610025030, 4161004, kz200910025001]
- Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China [7082032]
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2011CB504100]
- Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects [2011ZX09102-003-01]
- National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013BAI09B03]
- Project of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders [BIBD-PXM2013_014226_07_000084]
- High Level Technical Personnel Training Project of Beijing Health System, China [2009-3-26]
- Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality [IDHT20140514]
- Capital Clinical Characteristic Application Research [Z12110700100000, Z121107001012161]
- Beijing Healthcare Research Project, China [JING-15-2, JING-15-3]
- Excellent Personnel Training Project of Beijing, China [20071D0300400076]
- Basic-Clinical Research Cooperation Funding of Capital Medical University, China [2015-JL-PT-X04, 10JL49, 14JL15]
- Youth Research Funding, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China [2014-YQN-YS-18, 2015-YQN-15, 2015-YQN-05, 2015-YQN-14, 2015-YQN-17]
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Parkinson disease (PD) is usually accompanied by numerous nonmotor symptoms (NMS), such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunctions, and sensory disturbances. However, it is not clear that the factors influencing the occurrence of NMS and its sequence with motor symptoms (MS). We conducted comprehensive assessments of NMS by using 13 scales in 1119 PD patients. A total of 70.8% PD patients present NMS. Olfactory dysfunction tends to occur in PD patients with older age, more severe depression, sleep problems, and autonomic dysfunctions. Older patients are more likely to have olfactory dysfunction before MS than younger patients. Rapid eye movement behavior disorder is more prone to happen in patients with older age, older onset age, more severe depression, sleep problems, and autonomic dysfunctions. Patients with rapid eye movement behavior disorder before MS are older in onset age than after group. Olfactory dysfunction, constipation, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, and depression, as early warning NMSs of PD, connected to each other. There is a clinical heterogeneity that older patients are more likely to have NMS before MS, while younger patients are opposite.
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