Ultrasonic welding of fiber reinforced vitrimer composites

In this investigation, we present an exciting discovery that glass and carbon fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites (vGFRC and vCFRC) can be ultrasonically welded. The study shows that applying mechanical vibrational energy can facilitate dynamic bond exchange reactions in transesterification vitrimer composites, resulting in good weldability and mechanical properties. The results show that ultrasonic welding is potentially a practical and cost-effective option for assembling complex or large parts compared to oven curing, as it requires significantly less energy and time. Moreover, the healing properties of vitrimers make them a promising material for repeated processing and welding at the same spot. The study provides insight into the mechanisms of ultrasonic welding of vitrimers comprising bond exchange reactions and polymer chain diffusion at the surfaces. The composites with carbon fiber show better performance properties during welding compared to glass fiber-embedded composites. Lap shear failure surfaces show mostly cohesive failure. Additionally, the weld strength is also influenced by the catalyst concentration in the vitrimer composites. This investigation opens new avenues for vitrimer composites in industrial applications requiring rapid and energy-efficient welding.

Automated summary

This investigation reveals that glass and carbon fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites can be effectively welded using ultrasonic energy. Ultrasonic welding offers a practical and cost-effective alternative to oven curing, with reduced energy and time requirements for assembling complex parts. It also highlights the superior welding performance of carbon fiber-based composites and the influence of catalyst concentration on weld strength.