A data-driven approach to complement the A/T/(N) classification system using CSF biomarkers

AimsThe AT(N) classification system not only improved the biological characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also raised challenges for its clinical application. Unbiased, data-driven techniques such as clustering may help optimize it, rendering informative categories on biomarkers' values. MethodsWe compared the diagnostic and prognostic abilities of CSF biomarkers clustering results against their AT(N) classification. We studied clinical (patients from our center) and research (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) cohorts. The studied CSF biomarkers included A & beta;(1-42), A & beta;(1-42)/A & beta;(1-40) ratio, tTau, and pTau. ResultsThe optimal solution yielded three clusters in both cohorts, significantly different in diagnosis, AT(N) classification, values distribution, and survival. We defined these three CSF groups as (i) non-defined or unrelated to AD, (ii) early stages and/or more delayed risk of conversion to dementia, and (iii) more severe cognitive impairment subjects with faster progression to dementia. ConclusionWe propose this data-driven three-group classification as a meaningful and straightforward approach to evaluating the risk of conversion to dementia, complementary to the AT(N) system classification.

Automated summary

This study compares the diagnostic and prognostic abilities of CSF biomarkers clustering results with their AT(N) classification. The results suggest that this data-driven three-group classification can effectively evaluate the risk of conversion to dementia.