Congenital coronary artery anomalies in sports medicine. Why to know them

The anomalous origin of a coronary artery (AOCA) is a challenging topic, due to its rarity, the complexity of the pathophysiological aspects, the clinical presentation (often silent), the difficulty of diagnosis, and the potential risk of causing acute cardiovascular events up to sudden cardiac death, particularly when triggered by heavy physical exercise or sport practice. Increasing interest in sport medical literature is being given to this topic. This paper reviews current knowledge of AOCAs in the specific context of the athletic setting addressing epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, diagnostic work-up, sports participation, individual risk assessment, therapeutic options, and return to play decision after surgery.

Automated summary

The anomalous origin of a coronary artery (AOCA) is a rare condition that presents challenges in terms of diagnosis and management, especially in the context of sports participation where the risk of acute cardiovascular events is heightened. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge on AOCAs in athletes, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, individual risk assessment, treatment options, and considerations for returning to sports after surgery.