4.4 Article

Relativistic bulk viscous fluids of Burgers type and their presence in neutron stars

Journal

CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
Volume 40, Issue 16, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ace587

Keywords

relativistic hydrodynamics; bulk viscosity; rheology; neutron stars; chemistry; muons

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This article investigates a mixture of three independent chemical components undergoing two distinct chemical reactions, and finds that they can be regarded as a viscous fluid with bulk stress governed by a second-order differential equation that reproduces the Burgers model. By considering muons, it is shown that neutron star matter is indeed a bulk viscous fluid of Burgers type.
It is well known that a mixture of two chemical components undergoing one chemical reaction is a bulk viscous fluid, where the bulk stress evolves according to the Israel-Stewart theory. Here, we show that a mixture of three independent chemical components undergoing two distinct chemical reactions can also be viewed as a bulk viscous fluid, whose bulk stress now is governed by a second-order differential equation which reproduces the Burgers model for viscoelasticity. This is a rigorous and physically motivated example of a fluid model where the viscous stress does not undergo simple Maxwell-Cattaneo relaxation, and can actually overshoot the Navier-Stokes stress. We show that, if one accounts for muons, neutron star matter is indeed a bulk viscous fluid of Burgers type.

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