Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 329, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138524
Keywords
Geopolymer; Methane sulfonic acid; Environment -friendly; Specific heavy metal adsorption; Marine toxicity
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Compared to alkali-activated geopolymers, acid-based geopolymers offer superior properties and can avoid disposal concerns caused by high concentrations of phosphoric acid. In this study, a novel green method using methanesulfonic acid was developed to convert waste ash into a geopolymer for water treatment applications. The geopolymer showed excellent adsorption properties for heavy metals such as iron and lead. When combined with activated carbon, the geopolymer formed a composite that significantly adsorbed precious metal silver and hazardous metal manganese. The toxicity studies indicated that the geopolymer and carbon-geopolymer composite had lower toxicity concerns compared to activated carbon.
As compared to alkali-activated geopolymers with phosphoric acid which may be used in high concentrations resulting in disposal concerns, acid-based geopolymers may have superior properties. A novel green method of converting waste ash to a geopolymer for use in adsorption applications such as water treatment is presented here. We use methanesulfonic acid, a green chemical with high acid strength and biodegradability to form geopolymers from coal and wood fly ashes. The geopolymer is characterized for its physico-chemical properties and tested for heavy metal adsorption. The material specifically adsorbs iron and lead. The geopolymer is coupled to activated carbon forming a composite, which adsorbs silver (precious metal) and manganese (haz-ardous metal) significantly. The adsorption pattern complies with pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. Toxicity studies show while activated carbon is highly toxic, the geopolymer and the carbon-geopolymer composite have relatively less toxicity concerns.
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