Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302129
Keywords
acenes; Birch reduction; photocatalysis; PXX
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In this study, the photocatalyzed Birch-type reduction of acenes using visible blue light irradiation at room temperature in the presence of air was achieved by utilizing the strong photoreductive properties of PXX. Immobilization of PXX onto PDMS beads allowed for batch reactions and continuous-flow reduction of acenes.
The typical Birch reduction transforms arenes into cyclohexa-1,4-dienes by using alkali metals, an alcohol as a proton source, and an amine as solvent. Capitalizing on the strong photoreductive properties of peri-xanthenoxanthene (PXX), herein we report the photocatalyzed Birch-type reduction of acenes by employing visible blue light irradiation at room temperature in the presence of air. Upon excitation at 405 or 460 nm in the presence of a mixture of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and trifluoromethanesulfonimide (HNTf2) in DMSO, PXX photocatalyzes the selective reduction of full-carbon acene derivatives (24-75 %). Immobilization of PXX onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) beads (PXX-PDMS) allowed the use of the catalyst in heterogeneous batch reactions, giving 9-phenyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene in high yield (68 %). The catalyst could easily be recovered and reused, with no notable drop in performance observed after five reaction cycles. Integration of the PXX-PDMS beads into a microreactor enabled the reduction of acenes under continuous-flow conditions, thereby validating the sustainability and scalability of this heterogeneous-phase approach.
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