Anthocyanins of Hierbamora (Solanum nigrescens): Revealing their Nutraceutical Potential for Controlling Hypertriglyceridemia and Helicobacter pylori Viability

We present the inhibitory properties of the Solanum nigrescens anthocyanin fraction (SNAF) and its major constituents on alpha-glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG-CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of SNAF was simultaneously evaluated in ICR male mice exposed to triglyceride charge test (TCT). HPLC-MS profiling revealed the presence cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-glucoside (CRG), delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside (DCRG), and petunidin-3-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside (PCRG) as major constituents of the fraction. SNAF, CRG, and specially PCRG, induced strong non-competitive inhibition on PL (IC50, 33-86 mu g mL(-1)). The results of TCT confirmed their capacity to ameliorate (p <0.001) hypertriglyceridemia during postprandial and interdigestive stages. SNAF, CRG, DCRG, and PCRG caused negligible growth inhibition (MIC>600 mu g mL(-1)) on beneficial bacteria whereas SNAF and DCRG exerted inhibitory activity on Helicobacter pylori ATCC 53504 (MIC,187-64 mu g mL(-1)). Additional exploration revealed that SNAF and DCRG produced non-competitive activity on H. pylori urease, which facilitates bacterial growth under acidic conditions.

Automated summary

We investigated the inhibitory properties of Solanum nigrescens anthocyanin fraction (SNAF) and its major constituents on different enzymes and their effects on triglyceride levels in mice. The fraction and major constituents showed strong inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and ameliorated hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, they had no inhibitory effect on beneficial bacteria but exhibited inhibitory activity on Helicobacter pylori ATCC 53504.