Bacterial Cellulose-Based Material from Coconut Water as Efficient Green Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Cations

Nata de coco produced via coconut water fermentation using Acetobacter xylinum was directly applied to remove metal cations in aqueous solutions without any further chemical modification. Bacterial cellulose, contributing just 0.8 wt % to nata de coco, were randomly distributed and interconnected, yielding a three-dimensional framework with high crystallinity and porosity. Due to these characteristics and the abundant presence of electron-rich hydroxyl groups, unmodified bacterial cellulose in nata de coco exhibited a strong affinity to metal cations in water. The adsorption efficiency of nata de coco can be significantly improved to & SIM;30 and & SIM;45 mg g(-1) for Pb2+ and Fe3+, respectively, by decreasing its size by grinding to decrease its size. Notably, nata de coco can adsorb multiple cations and the uptakes were almost similar for a 100-fold scaled-up adsorption volume.

Automated summary

Nata de coco produced via coconut water fermentation using Acetobacter xylinum is an effective adsorbent for metal cations due to its high crystallinity, porosity, and abundant electron-rich hydroxyl groups. It can efficiently remove Pb2+ and Fe3+ ions, with smaller particle size leading to higher adsorption efficiency.