4.7 Article

Internal motion within pulsating pure-quartic soliton molecules in a fiber laser

Journal

CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
Volume 172, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2023.113544

Keywords

Pure-quartic soliton; Soliton molecule; Pulsating dynamics; Gain competition effect; Fourth -order dispersion

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In this study, the dynamical generation of dispersion-dependent pure-quartic solitons (PQS) molecules in a fiber laser is demonstrated through numerical simulations. The evolution from a single-pulse initial condition to different types of pulsating PQS molecules is observed, indicating quasi-periodical and periodical internal motion and energy exchange. The generation of these pulsating PQS molecules is found to be associated with a gain competition effect between the two sub pulses during mode-locking. A new method for transitioning between a loose PQS molecule and a tight PQS molecule is proposed. The numerical results suggest the existence of more internal motion within the PQS molecule, providing insights into its physical mechanism.
Various striking nonlinear evolution dynamics have been observed in mode-locked fiber lasers owing to the high peak power of the solitons. Herein, we numerically demonstrate the dynamical generation of dispersiondependent pure-quartic solitons (PQS) molecules in a fiber laser. We discover the evolution from a singlepulse initial condition to different types of pulsating PQS molecules with enhanced net fourth-order dispersion, indicating that the internal motion and energy exchange can be both quasi-periodical and periodical. Furthermore, we reveal that the generation of these two types of pulsating PQS molecules is associated with a gain competition effect between the two sub pulses during mode-locking. Finally, we propose a new method that can achieve the transition between a loose PQS molecule and a tight PQS molecule. Enlightened by the numerical results, we speculate that more internal motion within the PQS molecule will be discovered, which will promote a deep insight into the physical mechanism behind.

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