4.8 Review

Recent advances in microalgal production, harvesting, prediction, optimization, and control strategies

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Summary: The interface interactions between microalgal cells and flocculants play a crucial role in the magnetic harvesting of microalgae, therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective evaluation method. This study focused on the formation mechanism and pH regulation of magnetic harvesting using magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@SiO2-CS) synthesized via a micro-emulsion method. The performance and mechanisms of flocculation during microalgae harvesting by Fe3O4@SiO2-CS were evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated that Fe3O4@SiO2-CS achieved a collection efficiency of 96.52% for Chlorella vulgaris within 3 minutes at pH 1.0. The study also introduced the fractal dimension and the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (E-DLVO) model to analyze the harvesting performances and mechanisms. Strong electrostatic interactions were observed under acidic conditions, while the presence of hydrophobic tryptophan-like amino acids in slime-extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS) secreted by microalgae promoted the harvesting performance in neutral or alkaline systems. This work provides valuable insights into microalgae harvesting by Fe3O4@SiO2-CS and offers reasonable mechanisms for understanding the interactions under different pH values.

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A bacterial strain Citrobacter W4 facilitates the bio-flocculation of wastewater cultured microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa

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Summary: The bacterium Citrobacter W4 isolated from microalgae sewage culture system exhibited high flocculating activity against Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Optimization of operation parameters under outdoor conditions resulted in efficient harvesting with Citrobacter W4. The microbial community analysis revealed the dominance of Citrobacter W4 in the harvesting process, with active substances mainly composed of protein, polysaccharides, and carboxylic acid promoting flocculation.

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Convolutional neural network - Support vector machine based approach for classification of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta microalgae groups

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Summary: There is an increasing demand for sustainable sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and microalgae can be used to produce eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on a large scale. The choice of suitable strains is crucial for successful production. However, findings from small-scale systems do not always translate to larger photobioreactors. In this study, the productivity and fatty acid composition of eleven microalgal strains were examined in both flask and photobioreactor cultures. The results showed that predictions based on flask screening were not accurate for photobioreactors, highlighting the need for improved screening tools. Among the species tested, Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed the most potential when grown in photobioreactors. The study also investigated the impact of environmental conditions (temperature and salinity) on EPA production and found that EPA content remained relatively constant within the tested temperature and salinity ranges. Finally, nutritional information about the biomass was provided, which can be used as a starting point for formulating food products.

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Cold stress combined with salt or abscisic acid supplementation enhances lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae)

David Fierli et al.

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Anil Kumar Patel et al.

Summary: The study aims to develop magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and utilize their high reusability potential to reduce the harvesting cost of microalgae biomass. Experimental results show that MNPs can achieve high harvesting efficiency under specific conditions and can be recovered and reused through alkaline treatment for multiple cycles. This study provides a cost-effective harvesting method for commercial-scale algae biorefining in the future.

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Developing a three-dimensional tangential swirl plate photobioreactor to enhance mass transfer and flashlight effect for microalgal CO2 fixation

Yanmei Song et al.

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