Can vitamin E ester derivatives be excellent alternatives of vitamin E: state of art

Vitamin E (VE) is a natural antioxidant which is widely used in the food fields, while the shortcomings of easy oxidative inactivation and poor water solubility limit its application. Vitamin E esters' (VEEs) derivatives, such as vitamin E acetate (VEA), are more stable and easier to be absorbed while have similar biological activities and physiological functions compared with VE. In this systematic review, the digestion, absorption and physiological function of VEEs were summarized. To promote their further industrial applications, the synthesis strategies of VEEs were also summarized in-depth. In particular, as a new generation of green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in enzymatic reactions due to the stabilization and activation of enzymes. Their applications in enzymatic synthesis of VEEs were summarized and discussed. Finally, several future perspectives for developing more efficiency strategies of VEEs synthesis, such as enzyme engineering and design of novel ILs, were also discussed. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

Vitamin E (VE) is a natural antioxidant widely used in the food industry, but its easy oxidative inactivation and poor water solubility limit its application. Vitamin E esters' (VEEs) derivatives, such as vitamin E acetate (VEA), are more stable and easily absorbed with similar biological activities and physiological functions as VE. This systematic review summarizes the digestion, absorption, and physiological function of VEEs, as well as the synthesis strategies, particularly focusing on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in enzymatic synthesis of VEEs. Future perspectives on developing more efficient strategies for VEEs synthesis, such as enzyme engineering and design of novel ILs, are also discussed.