4.4 Article

Linking B-factor and temperature-induced conformational transition

Journal

BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 298, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107027

Keywords

B -factor; Crystallography; Temperature; Ion mobility spectrometry; Lysozyme

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The crystallographic B-factor, a surrogate for local protein flexibility, was investigated for its thermal dependence and correlation with protein conformational changes. The exponential thermal dependence of the B-factor was found to be similar for all atoms, suggesting that thermal vibration of the atom does not necessarily correlate with protein conformational dynamics.
The crystallographic B-factor, also called temperature factor or Debye-Waller factor, has long been used as a surrogate for local protein flexibility. However, the use of the absolute B-factor as a probe for protein motion requires reproducible validation against conformational changes against chemical and physical variables. Here we report the investigation of the thermal dependence of the crystallographic B-factor and its correlation with conformational changes of the protein. We obtained the crystal protein structure coordinates and B-factors at high resolution (1.5 angstrom) over a broad temperature range (100 K to 325 K). The exponential thermal dependence of B-factor as a function of temperature was equal for both the diffraction intensity data (Wilson B-factor) and for all modeled atoms of the system (protein and non-protein atoms), with a thermal diffusion constant of about 0.0045 K-1, similar for all atoms. The extrapolated B-factor at zero Kelvin (or zero-point fluctuation) varies among the atoms, although with no apparent correlation with temperature-dependent protein conformational changes. These data suggest that the thermal vibration of the atom does not necessarily correlate with the conformational dynamics of the protein.

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