New insights into the roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer

Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adaptive elevation of antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are among the most important antioxidants and are widely distributed in a variety of cancers. PRDXs are involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. PRDXs are also associated with tumor cell resistance to cell death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. In addition, PRDXs are involved in the transduction of hypoxic signals in the TME and in the regulation of the function of other cellular components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This implies that PRDXs are promising targets for cancer treatment. Of course, further studies are needed to realize the clinical application of targeting PRDXs. In this review, we highlight the role of PRDXs in cancer, summarizing the basic features of PRDXs, their association with tumorigenesis, their expression and function in cancer, and their relationship with cancer therapeutic resistance.

Automated summary

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of cancer, with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased antioxidant expression. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are important antioxidants widely present in various cancers, regulating tumor cell phenotypes and resistance to cell death. PRDXs also play a role in hypoxic signal transduction and the modulation of other components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting PRDXs shows promise in cancer treatment, but further research is needed for clinical application.