S100B protein as a biomarker and predictor in traumatic brain injury

Objectives. To determine the prognostic potential of S100B protein in patients with craniocerebral injury, correlation between S100B protein and time, selected internal diseases, body habitus, polytrauma, and season. Methods. We examined the levels of S100B protein in 124 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results. The S100B protein level 72 h after injury and changes over 72 h afterwards are statistically significant for prediction of a good clinical condition 1 month after injury. The highest sensitivity (81.4%) and specificity (83.3%) for the S100B protein value after 72 h was obtained for a cut-off value of 0.114. For the change after 72 h, that is a decrease in S100B value, the optimal cut-off is 0.730, where the sum of specificity (76.3%) and sensitivity (54.2%) is the highest, or a decrease by 0.526 at the cut-off value, where sensitivity (62.5%) and specificity (62.9%) are more balanced. The S100B values were the highest at baseline; S100B value taken 72 h after trauma negatively correlated with GCS upon discharge or transfer (r=-0.517, P<0.0001). We found no relationship between S100B protein and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, BMI, or season when the trauma occurred. Changes in values and a higher level of S100B protein were demonstrated in polytraumas with a median of 1.070 (0.042; 8.780) & mu;g/L compared to isolated TBI with a median of 0.421 (0.042; 11.230) & mu;g/L. Conclusion. S100B protein level with specimen collection 72 h after trauma can be used as a complementary marker of patient prognosis.

Automated summary

This study investigated the prognostic potential of S100B protein in patients with traumatic brain injury. The levels and changes of S100B protein 72 hours after injury were found to be significantly associated with the clinical condition 1 month after injury. A higher level of S100B protein was observed in polytrauma patients compared to isolated TBI patients. S100B protein showed no correlation with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, BMI, or season.