NEIL3 promoter G-quadruplex with oxidatively modified bases shows magnesium-dependent folding that stalls polymerase bypass

Oxidative stress unleashes reactive species capable of oxidizing 20-deoxyguanosine (G) nucleotides in Grich sequences of the genome, such as the potential G-quadruplex forming sequencing (PQS) in the NEIL3 gene promoter. Oxidative modification of G yields 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-20-deoxyguanosine (OG) that can be further oxidized to hydantoin products. Herein, OG was synthesized into the NEIL3 PQS that was allowed to fold to a G-quadruplex (G4) in K thorn ion solutions with varying amounts of Mg2 thorn in the physiological range. The Mg2 thorn dependency in the oxidatively modified NEIL3 G4 to stall a replicative DNA polymerase was evaluated. The polymerase was found to stall at the G4 or OG, as well as continue to fulllength extension with dependency on the location of the modification and the concentration of Mg2 thorn . To provide some clarity on these findings, OG or the hydantoins were synthesized in model NEIL3 G4 folding sequences at the positions of the polymerase study. The model G4 sequences were allowed to fold in K thorn ion solutions with varying levels of Mg2 thorn to identify how the presence of the divalent metal impacted G4 folding depending on the location of the modification. The presence of Mg2 thorn either caused the transition of the NEIL3 G4 folds from an antiparallel to parallel orientation of the strands or had no impact. Structural models are proposed to understand the findings using the literature as a guide. The biological significance of the results is discussed. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Oxidative stress leads to the oxidation of G nucleotides in the genome and affects the expression of the NEIL3 gene. The study found that the modified G-quadruplex (G4) can stall DNA polymerases, and the concentration of Mg2+ and the location of the modification have an impact on this process.