Journal
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Volume 377, Issue -, Pages 12-23Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.022
Keywords
Ultra-processed foods; Cardiometabolic risk factors; Metabolic syndrome; Body mass index; Blood pressure; Fasting blood glucose
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This study examined the association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors. The findings revealed that increased UPF consumption was associated with adverse changes in CMR factors among adults with metabolic syndrome.
Background and aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and car-diometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6-and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables.Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF con-sumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, & beta; = 1.09; 95% confidence in-terval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, & beta; = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, & beta; = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, & beta; = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, & beta; = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, & beta; = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, & beta; = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (& beta; = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08).Conclusions: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.
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