Sex-structured model of Wolbachia invasion and design of sex-biased release strategies in Aedes spp mosquitoes populations

Laboratory experiments as well as some field essays have revealed that the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia , deliberately introduced in Aedes spp female mosquitoes, drastically reduces their vector competence for dengue virus and, also, other mosquito-borne viral diseases. However, female mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia still need to ingest human blood while male mosquitoes, either wild or Wolbachia -carrying, do not bite people. As such, Wolbachia -carrying females may transmit the virus to people during blood-feeding, even though with far less probability than the wild ones. Therefore, massive releases of Wolbachia -carrying females may increase both the nuisance and the epidemiological risk among human residents. With the goal of exploring in depth the practical aspects of sexbiased releases, we introduce in this paper a simple sex-structured model of Wolbachia invasion that brings forward the possibility of developing male-biased release strategies of Wolbachia -carriers leading to Wolbachia invasion. Thanks to this model, we study at length the minimal amount of mosquitoes necessary to complete this task, according to the relative sex-ratio of the released mosquitoes and the release schedule. We also pay attention to the estimate of the time needed to achieve the ultimate population replacement.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Laboratory experiments and field essays have shown that introducing the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia into female Aedes spp mosquitoes significantly reduces their ability to transmit dengue virus and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. However, Wolbachia-infected female mosquitoes still need to feed on human blood, while male mosquitoes, whether wild or carrying Wolbachia, do not bite humans. Therefore, the massive release of Wolbachia-carrying females may increase both nuisance and epidemiological risk in human populations. This paper presents a simple model that explores the practical aspects of introducing Wolbachia through male-biased releases and investigates the minimum number of mosquitoes and time required to achieve population replacement.