Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
Volume 54, Issue -, Pages 43-62Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-050519
Keywords
fertilization mode; terrestriality; protection; transport; nutrition; parental sex roles
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This article discusses the importance of parenting in the diversification and expansion of vertebrates, and explores the ecological factors that may have influenced the evolution of parental care in amphibians. Through the application of phylogenetic, experimental, and physiological approaches, the study reveals the evolution of different forms of parenting and provides insights into promising new directions of research.
Parenting is considered a key evolutionary innovation that contributed to the diversification and expansion of vertebrates. However, we know little about how such diversity evolved. Amphibians are an ideal group in which to identify the ecological factors that have facilitated or constrained the evolution of different forms of parental care. Among, but also within, the three amphibian orders-Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona-there is a high level of variation in habitat use, fertilization mode, mating systems, and parental sex roles. Recent work using broad phylogenetic, experimental, and physiological approaches has helped to uncover the factors that have selected for the evolution of care and transitions between different forms of parenting. Here, we highlight the exceptional diversity of amphibian parental care, emphasize the unique opportunities this group offers for addressing key questions about the evolution of parenting, and give insights into promising novel directions of research.
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