4.5 Review

The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is Inflammation Always Inflammation?

Journal

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
Volume 2016, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2016/2856213

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. Department of Science and Technology- (DST-), India [YSS/2015/001969]
  2. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany [AN372/11-2, AN372/12-2, AN372/14-3, AN372/16-1, AN372/17-1, AN372/23-1, MU3906/1-1]
  3. European Union's Seventh Framework Program for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration [305736]
  4. European Union's Horizon Research and Innovation Program [634086]

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Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine inflammation? In this review, we discuss the functions of inflammatory mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury.

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