In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Sargassum tenerrimum-a marine seaweed

Green nanotechnology has recently attracted a lot of attention as a potential technique for drug development. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesised by using Sargassum tenerrimum, a marine seaweed crude extract (Ag-ST), and evaluated for antimalarial activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that Ag-ST nanoparticles exhibited good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 7.71 & PLUSMN;0.39 & mu;g/ml and 23.93 & PLUSMN;2.27 & mu;g/ml against P. falciparum and P. berghei respectively. These nanoparticles also showed less haemolysis activity suggesting their possible use in therapeutics. Further, P. berghei infected C57BL/6 mice were used for the four-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic assays where it was noticed that the Ag-ST nanoparticles significantly reduced the parasitaemia and there were no toxic effects observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters. Further to understand its possible toxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo genotoxicological studies were performed which revealed that these nanoparticles are non-genotoxic in nature. The possible antimalarial activity of Ag-ST may be due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals and silver ions. Moreover, the phytochemicals prevent the nonspecific release of ions responsible for low genotoxicity. Together, the bioefficacy and toxicology outcomes demonstrated that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-ST) could be a cutting-edge alternative for therapeutic applications.

Automated summary

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-ST) were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum and P. berghei. The nanoparticles showed good antiplasmodial activity and low haemolysis activity, making them potential candidates for therapeutics. In animal experiments, Ag-ST nanoparticles significantly reduced parasitaemia in infected mice without causing any toxic effects. The non-genotoxic nature of the nanoparticles was also observed. Overall, the bioefficacy and toxicology outcomes highlight the potential of Ag-ST nanoparticles as a cutting-edge alternative for therapeutic applications.