Deformation mechanisms in an additively manufactured dual-phase eutectic high-entropy alloy

Nanostructured metals and alloys often exhibit high strengths but at the expense of reduced ductility. Through harnessing the far-from-equilibrium processing conditions of laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing, we develop a dual-phase nanolamellar structure comprised of FCC/L1(2) and BCC/B2 phases in a Ni40Co20Fe10Cr10Al18W2 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA), which exhibits a combination of ultrahigh yield strength (>1.4 GPa) and large tensile ductility (similar to 17%). The deformation mechanisms of the additively manufactured EHEA are studied via in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The high yield strength mainly results from effective blockage of dislocation motion by the high density of lamellar interfaces. The refined nanolamellar structures and low stacking fault energy (SFE) promote stacking fault (SF)-mediated deformation in FCC/L1(2) nanolamellae. The accumulation of abundant dislocations and SFs at lamellar interfaces can effectively elevate local stresses to promote dislocation multiplication and martensitic transformation in BCC/B2 nanolamellae. The cooperative deformation of the dual phases, assisted by the semi-coherent lamellar interfaces, gives rise to the large ductility of the as-printed EHEA. In addition, we also demonstrate that post-printing heat treatment allows us to tune the non-equilibrium microstructures and deformation mechanisms. After annealing, the significantly reduced SFE and thicknesses of the FCC nanolamellae facilitate the formation of massive SFs. The dissolution of nano-precipitates in the BCC/B2 nanolamellae reduces spatial confinement and further promotes martensitic transformation to enhance work hardening. Our work provides fundamental insights into the rich variety of deformation mechanisms underlying the exceptional mechanical properties of the additively manufactured dual-phase nanolamellar EHEAs.

Automated summary

We develop a dual-phase nanolamellar structure in a high-entropy alloy using laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing. This structure exhibits a combination of ultrahigh yield strength and large tensile ductility. The deformation mechanisms involve effective blockage of dislocation motion, stacking fault-mediated deformation, and martensitic transformation. The cooperative deformation of the dual phases, assisted by the semi-coherent lamellar interfaces, gives rise to the large ductility.