RNA structure determination: From 2D to 3D

RNA molecules serve a wide range of functions that are closely linked to their structures. The basic structural units of RNA consist of single-and double-stranded regions. In order to carry out advanced functions such as catalysis and ligand binding, certain types of RNAs can adopt higher-order structures. The analysis of RNA structures has progressed alongside advancements in structural biology techniques, but it comes with its own set of challenges and corresponding solutions. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in RNA structure analysis tech-niques, including structural probing methods, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cryo-electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Often, a combination of multiple techniques is employed for the in-tegrated analysis of RNA structures. We also survey important RNA structures that have been recently determined using various techniques.

Automated summary

RNA molecules have diverse functions that are closely related to their structures. Various techniques such as structural probing methods, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cryo-electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering have been used to analyze the structures of RNA. Recent advances in these techniques have led to the determination of important RNA structures.