Journal
LAND
Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/land12020473
Keywords
water-energy-food nexus; policy integration; Egypt; Italy; Spain; Tunisia
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This paper reviews the legislation and WEF policies in four MED countries located on two continents, analyzing the main political and institutional actors involved and the possible policy coherence. By exploring the factors influencing WEF policies on national, regional, and local scales, this study aims to improve understanding of WEF trade-offs and synergies.
The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus describes natural resource use in the context of social needs and economic development, addressing food, water, and energy security. Population growth and rising economic prosperity will increase the demand for energy, food, and water in the Mediterranean region, compromising the sustainable use of resources. As governments are required to make decisions in order to cope with increasing demands for resources, this paper performs a review of the legislation and WEF policies, identifying the main political and institutional actors involved and the possible policy (in)coherence in four MED countries located on two continents: Egypt, Italy, Spain, and Tunisia. This choice will allow the identification of the barriers and catalysts influencing the implementation of WEF policies and will improve our understanding of the WEF trade-offs and synergies by exploring them on national, regional, and local scales.
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