Rethinking Ports as Multienergy Hubs: Managing cold ironing and hydrogen supply/bunkering

Summary: This paper explores the methods through which ports can estimate the electric power and energy demands required for implementing cold ironing, in order to reduce atmospheric pollution caused by ships at berth. Two alternative methods are analyzed and discussed: one based on approximate formulas and the other utilizing ship emissions monitoring databases. By conducting parameter estimation, the study demonstrates how the approximate method can be adjusted to achieve results comparable to those obtained through emissions analysis.