Symmetric and Asymmetric Relationships Between Renewable Energy, Oil Imports, Arms Exports, Military Spending, and Economic Growth in China

This paper evaluates the symmetric and asymmetric relationships between military spending (MS) and oil imports (OIM) in China. In the long run, MS increases OIM, renewable energy (RE) consumption, and gross domestic product. OIM seem to have a non-linear and asymmetric impact on MS, both in the short run and the long run. It appears that China is prompt to reduce its MS considerably whenever it is assured of its energy security. This could be partially achieved by increasing its RE consumption, and the military sector is invited to contribute, especially through its R&D activities.

Automated summary

This paper evaluates the relationship between military spending (MS) and oil imports (OIM) in China, finding that in the long run, MS increases OIM, renewable energy consumption, and GDP. However, OIM has a non-linear and asymmetric impact on MS in both the short and long term. The study suggests that China is likely to reduce its military spending significantly when it is confident in its energy security, which can be achieved through increasing renewable energy consumption, with contributions from the military sector, particularly in R&D activities.