Joint foreign ownership and global value chains effects on productivity: a comparison of firms from Poland and Germany

PurposeThe study aims to examine the joint effects of foreign ownership (FO) and involvement in global value chains (GVCs) on the productivity performance of firms from a catching-up country (Poland) and a leader economy (Germany).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use micro-level data on firms combined with several sector-level GVC participation measures. The authors investigate whether the link between productivity and the overall sectoral degree of involvement in global production structures depends on a firm's ownership. The authors verify the robustness of the obtained results by using an instrumental variables approach and weighted regression.FindingsThe results show that domestically owned firms are less productive than foreign ones, which is particularly true at low GVC participation levels. However, as GVC involvement increases, the FO productivity premium decreases, leading to productivity catching up between foreign and domestically owned firms. This mechanism is similar in Poland and Germany. However, in the leader country (Germany), the productivity performance of domestically owned firms is more stable along the distribution of GVC involvement.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the foreign direct investment (FDI)-productivity literature by comparing the catching-up and developed countries' perspectives and incorporating the productivity-GVC relationship into the FDI analysis. The authors show that the FO premium is not confined to the developing context but is also present in a leader country. Moreover, the link between productivity and the overall sectoral degree of involvement in global production structures depends on a firm's ownership.

Automated summary

This study examines the combined effects of foreign ownership and involvement in global value chains on the productivity performance of firms in Poland and Germany. The results show that domestically owned firms are less productive than foreign ones, especially at low levels of GVC participation. However, as GVC involvement increases, the productivity gap between foreign and domestically owned firms narrows. This study contributes to the FDI-productivity literature by comparing catching-up and developed countries and highlighting the importance of firm ownership in the productivity-GVC relationship.