☆ 4.2 Editorial Material

All (tilt) models are wrong, but some are useful: A reply to Sorjonen et al.'s (2023) critique of tilt

INTELLIGENCE (2023)

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Further arguments that ability tilt correlations are spurious: A reply to Coyle (2022)

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Summary: Ability tilt refers to a difference between two abilities within an individual. The authors argue that previous research showing correlations between ability tilts and constituent abilities is false because the tilt variable is dependent on the constituent abilities. They further demonstrate that reported tilt associations are inconsistent with simulations, suggesting that the correlations are spurious. The authors respond to arguments by Coyle, showing that the difference between regression effects and correlations is not relevant and discussing how empirical tilt-correlations can be observed even if they cannot be explained by current theories.

INTELLIGENCE (2023)

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Spurious correlations in research on ability tilt

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Summary: Studies have found that the associations between ability tilts and their constituent abilities may be spurious due to the non-independence of the measures, and the correlations between ability and ability tilt may simply be attributed to more positive associations between two measures of the same or similar abilities.

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Sex differences in spatial and mechanical tilt: Support for investment theories

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Summary: Tilt refers to a pattern of specific abilities, where one ability (spatial) is relatively strong, and another ability (academic) is relatively weak. This study investigated sex differences in spatial and mechanical tilt. The results showed that spatial and mechanical tilt were negatively correlated with verbal and math scores on college tests, indicating that tilt predicted low scores on these tests. Spatial and mechanical tilt also predicted jobs and college majors in STEM fields. The findings support theories on sex differences in vocational preferences.

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Summary: This study examines age differences in tilt, processing speed, and general intelligence in adolescence. The results show that older ages are associated with greater tilt and faster processing speed. Processing speed mediates the relationship between age and tilt, and this mediation is partly related to general intelligence. The findings support investment theories and cascade theories, and suggest the need for future research on different types of tilt and factors that influence tilt.

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Summary: This contribution focuses on specific abilities and complex problem solving (CPS) in predicting life outcomes beyond general intelligence (g). Math tilt predicts STEM criteria while verbal tilt predicts humanities criteria. CPS abilities predict academic achievement and job performance.

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