Probiotics as Potential Therapy in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, the prevalence of which has increased over the years. The management of this pathology is not clear, and a specific pharmacological drug that can treat NAFLD is not available. In this sense, efforts are focused on the potential use of compounds with a natural origin that can contribute to reversing hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with probiotics, live microorganisms, is a potential strategy for the management of NAFLD. Methods: In the present review, the available information on the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics in NAFLD, mainly in animal models and in some clinical trials, is summarized. Results: Studies carried out using animal models of NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet have shown the beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation in reducing liver steatosis and normalizing the blood lipid profile and liver enzyme activities. In addition, a decrease in lipogenesis and an increase in lipolysis have been observed, together with a reduction in the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory state and a normalization of intestinal dysbiosis. Clinical trials have reported a decrease in the serum transaminases and an improved lipid profile, as well as a reduction in inflammatory markers. Conclusions: In conclusion, probiotic supplementation can be used as a potential therapy for the management of NAFLD.

Automated summary

Background: NAFLD is a common liver disease with increasing prevalence, and there is currently no clear management strategy or specific pharmacological treatment available. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics in NAFLD, based on studies conducted in animal models and clinical trials. The results demonstrate that probiotic supplementation can reduce liver steatosis, normalize lipid profiles and liver enzyme activities, decrease lipogenesis, increase lipolysis, alleviate oxidative and inflammatory states, and normalize intestinal dysbiosis. Clinical trials have also shown improvements in serum transaminases, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. Therefore, probiotic supplementation can be considered as a potential therapy for managing NAFLD.