4.6 Review

Microalgal Feedstock for Biofuel Production: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspective

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Summary: This study found that filamentous microalgae as a co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of pig manure can significantly improve methane yield, digestion kinetics, and digestate dewaterability. The best results were achieved at a mixing ratio of 1:1, enhancing energy conversion efficiency and reducing the lag time of AD. The presence of microalgae in the co-substrates also reduced the specific resistance to filtration of the digestate, making it easier for processing and valorisation.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Treatment of Wastewaters by Microalgae and the Potential Applications of the Produced Biomass-A Review

Hareb Al-Jabri et al.

Summary: Microalgae are efficient in treating wastewater due to their ability to utilize nutrients in water bodies without the need for organic sources. Their potential applications in wastewater treatment and ability to be integrated with other methods make them a promising solution for pollutant removal.

WATER (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Preparation of low-nitrogen and high-quality bio-oil from microalgae catalytic pyrolysis with zeolites and activated carbon

Ziyue Tang et al.

Summary: The use of zeolite catalysts and activated carbon effectively reduces nitrogen content in bio-oil and produces high-quality bio-oil. The denitrification strength of zeolite catalysts and activated carbon on volatiles varies at different temperatures, affecting oil yield and quality.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Flocculation characteristics of anaerobic sludge driven-extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted by different methods on microalgae harvesting for lipid utilization

Chandan Mahata et al.

Summary: The study investigated the potential of anaerobic sludge-driven extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) as a bioflocculant for microalgae harvesting. Chemically extracted EPS showed better performance but reduced microalgal lipid content, while thermal method extracted EPS had no significant effect on lipid recovery, making it the most suitable for microalgae dewatering. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion as the most suitable for modeling microalgal flocculation. Cost analysis showed that using EPS extracted by the thermal method for microalgae harvesting was cost-effective.

BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Thermodynamics

Biocrude oil and hydrochar production and characterization obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in methanol-water system

Shima Masoumi et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae under milder reaction conditions using methanol-water co-solvent resulted in higher yield and better quality of biocrude oil.

ENERGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Valorisation of medical waste through pyrolysis for a cleaner environment: Progress and challenges*

Guangcan Su et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to the management of medical wastes, but pyrolysis technology shows promise in addressing this issue by converting medical wastes into valuable bio-products.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Recent developments and strategies in genome engineering and integrated fermentation approaches for biobutanol production from microalgae

Sabarathinam Shanmugam et al.

Summary: The main hurdles in mechanized transportation are the depletion of fossil fuels and the high cost of alternative plant-based substrates for producing biofuels. Biofuels emerged as effective alternatives to reduce pollution caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae, as a third-generation feedstock, are an excellent resource due to their fast growth rate and higher carbohydrate content, providing a solution to the challenges faced by conventional agricultural crops.
Article Energy & Fuels

New insights to direct conversion of wet microalgae impregnated with ethanol to biodiesel exploiting extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide

Ahmad Jafari et al.

Summary: Converting wet microalgae into biodiesel directly using supercritical carbon dioxide in a single-step process can reduce production costs effectively and increase productivity.
Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Microalgae: Sustainable resource of carbohydrates in third-generation biofuel production

Chandrani Debnath et al.

Summary: Microalgae, with high neutral-lipid contents, have potential as feedstock for third-generation biofuel production, but face challenges in terms of commercial-scale operation due to techno-economic feasibility. Besides being able to accumulate high-value products, microalgae's high carbohydrate contents can be used as low-cost substrates for biofuel production by commercially important microbes.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Utilization of Biomass Derived from Cyanobacteria-Based Agro-Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Raisin Residue Extract for Bioethanol Production

Olga N. Tsolcha et al.

Summary: Bioethanol production potential from different biomasses derived from a cyanobacteria-based microbial consortium grown on chemical medium and wastewaters was examined in this study, with the best results obtained using sulfuric acid 2.5 N for acid hydrolysis. After optimizing sugar release, alcoholic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed, achieving up to 85.9% of the theoretical ethanol yield when a raisin residue extract was added to the biomass broth.

WATER (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Biocrude oil and high-value metabolite production potential of the Nitzschia sp.

Sara Al-Naimi et al.

Summary: The study examined the feasibility of using indigenous marine diatom biomass as a potential feedstock for producing biocrude oil and high-value products. Nitzschia sp. was selected as a candidate strain due to better growth rate and biomass yield, leading to successful hydrothermal liquefaction treatment to obtain biocrude oil and high heating values.

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Techno-economic and life cycle analysis of biofuel production via hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in a methanol-water system and catalytic hydrotreatment using hydrochar as a catalyst support

Shima Masoumi et al.

Summary: The hydrochar obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass was utilized as a heat source and a catalyst support for the production of algal biofuels through combustion and activation methods. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) were conducted to evaluate the production process, showing a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum-based fuels. The study demonstrated the feasibility of producing biofuels from algae with improved economic and environmental benefits.

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Direct transesterification of wet microalgae to biodiesel using phosphonium carboxylate ionic liquid catalysts

Sepandar Malekghasemi et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the efficient production of biodiesel from wet microalgae biomass using synthesized ionic liquid catalysts. The optimized reaction conditions achieved a yield close to 98%, and the reusability of the ionic liquid was also confirmed.

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Effects of biological pretreatments of microalgae on hydrolysis, biomethane potential and microbial community

Mekdimu Mezmir Damtie et al.

Summary: The temperature-phased anaerobic digestion affects the hydrolysis and biomethane potential of microalgae biodegradation, depending on the anaerobic and aerobic pretreatments at different temperatures and microbial diversity. Statistical analysis reveals correlations between temperature and different parameters, with strong correlation between soluble nitrogen and phosphorous with methane under thermoanaerobic pretreatment.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Thermal Properties and Combustion-Related Problems Prediction of Agricultural Crop Residues

Xuejun Qian et al.

Summary: This study used the HHV model, specific heat model, and fuel indices to characterize agricultural crop residues and predict emissions and combustion efficiency. Newly developed HHV models showed lower estimation errors and higher accuracy compared to existing models. Predictions were made regarding the specific heat of flue gas and combustion-related problems such as corrosion and emissions during the combustion process.

ENERGIES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A mathematical, economic and energetic appraisal of biomethane and biohydrogen production from Brazilian ethanol plants' waste: Towards a circular and renewable energy development

Willian Cezar Nadaleti et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the production of methane, hydrogen, thermal and electrical energy from vinasse and bagasse in Brazilian ethanol and sugar plants. Different scenarios show that the use of biogas can lead to energy self-sufficiency in the sector, with Scenario 2 being highlighted for its operational conditions enabling the storage of hydrogen.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Biomethane production from whole and extracted algae biomass: Long-term performance evaluation and microbial community dynamics

Jingwei Ma et al.

Summary: The study found that whole cell algal biomass digestion produced higher methane productivity compared to lipid-extracted algal biomass residues. At high organic loading rates, the volume methane production rate in the residues digestion system reached its peak, but long-chain fatty acids were identified as the main inhibitor.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Alternative chemo-enzymatic hydrolysis strategy applied to different microalgae species for bioethanol production

A. Constantino et al.

Summary: This study focused on the chemo-enzymatic hydrolysis of lyophilized biomass of different microalgae and subsequent fermentation, with a defined strategy showing a significant increase in reducing sugar yield. Selected microalgae hydrolysates showed high ethanol production, with Chlorella sorokiniana standing out as the best hydrolysate for ethanol production.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Catalytic pyrolysis of nutrient-stressed Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae for high-quality bio-oil production

Sherif Ishola Mustapha et al.

Summary: The pyrolysis of nutrient-stressed Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae over various supported metal catalysts showed promotion of aromatization and acid ketonization of bio-oils. Among the catalysts, Co/Fe3O4-HZSM-5 performed the best in enhancing bio-oil quality and yield, with the lowest nitrogen content, highest bio-oil yield, and HHV value similar to crude petroleum.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

Article Environmental Studies

The financial impact of fossil fuel divestment

Auke Plantinga et al.

Summary: The research suggests that divesting from fossil fuel production companies does not harm financial investors, even when fossil fuels continue to play a dominant role in the energy mix. Divestment is not only not contradictory to the fiduciary duty of institutional investors, but also paves the way for more extensive divestment initiatives.

CLIMATE POLICY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Biological hydrogen production via dark fermentation: A holistic approach from lab-scale to pilot-scale

G. Balachandar et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

Review Food Science & Technology

The battle for biomass: A systematic review of food -feed -fuel competition

A. Muscat et al.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Review Agricultural Engineering

A perspective on novel cascading algal biomethane biorefinery systems

Archishman Bose et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Thermodynamics

Enhanced biohydrogen and biomethane production from Chlorella sp. with hydrothermal treatment

Houkai Wu et al.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Microalgae based biorefinery promoting circular bioeconomy-techno economic and life-cycle analysis

J. Rajesh Banu et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient biohydrogen production - Recent insights and future perspectives

Dillirani Nagarajan et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Environmental Sciences

Algae as potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and value-added products: Opportunities and challenges

Manish Kumar et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Energy recovery and nutrients recycling from municipal sewage sludge

Probir Das et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Improved biohydrogen production by immobilized cells of the green algaTetrasporasp. CU2551 incubated under aerobic condition

Thanaporn Maswanna et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY (2020)

Article Thermodynamics

Optimization of dark fermentative hydrogen production from organic wastes using acidogenic mixed consortia

Chandan Mahata et al.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Impurities in biogas: Analytical strategies, occurrence, effects and removal technologies

Idalina Braganca et al.

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2020)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Role of cultural variables in augmenting carbohydrate accumulation in the green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus for bioethanol production

Neha Chandra et al.

BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Long-term semi-continuous cultivation of a halo-tolerant Tetraselmis sp. using recycled growth media

Probir Das et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Microalgae-biorefinery with cascading resource recovery design associated to dairy wastewater treatment

Manupati Hemalatha et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Hydrothermal liquefaction of marine microalgae biomass using co-solvents

Yang Han et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Comparison of biocrude oil production from self-settling and non-settling microalgae biomass produced in the Qatari desert environment

P. Das et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recent advances in biological pretreatment of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production

Hossain M. Zabed et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2019)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Catalytic thermochemical conversion of biomass for biofuel production: A comprehensive review

Hwai Chyuan Ong et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2019)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Life cycle assessment, energy balance and sensitivity analysis of bioethanol production from microalgae in a tropical country

Nazia Hossain et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2019)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Enhanced bio-ethanol production from Chlorella sp. biomass by hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Marika Ngamsirisomsakul et al.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2019)

Proceedings Paper Physics, Fluids & Plasmas

The Effect of Bioethanol-Varying Gasoline Blends on Performance and Emission of SI Engine 150 CC

Cahyo Setyo Wibowo et al.

10TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF ADVANCES IN THERMOFLUIDS (IMAT 2018): SMART CITY: ADVANCES IN THERMOFLUID TECHNOLOGY IN TROPICAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microalgae processing for jet fuel production

Joseph K. Bwapwa et al.

BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR (2018)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Recent developments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in microalgae towards biofuel production

Sheeja Jagadevan et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS (2018)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

An overview of marine macroalgae as bioresource

K. Sudhakar et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2018)

Review Thermodynamics

Overview: Comparison of pretreatment technologies and fermentation processes of bioethanol from microalgae

Chai Kee Phwan et al.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2018)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of algae and upgrading of biocrude: A critical review

Donghai Xu et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2018)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biomass from microalgae: the potential of domestication towards sustainable biofactories

Manuel Benedetti et al.

MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES (2018)

Review Environmental Sciences

Tailoring Microalgae for Efficient Biofuel Production

Prabin Kumar Sharma et al.

FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE (2018)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Possibilities for conversion of microalgae oil into aviation fuel: A review

Joseph K. Bwapwa et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2017)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Bioprospecting for native microalgae as an alternative source of sugars for the production of bioethanol

Lara Sanchez Rizza et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2017)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Sustainable green solvents and techniques for lipid extraction from microalgae: A review

Jeevan S. P. Kumar et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2017)

Proceedings Paper Energy & Fuels

Some promising microalgal species for commercial applications: A review

Saleh Mobin et al.

1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND POWER, ICEP2016 (2017)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Biodiesel production from Spirulina microalgae feedstock using direct transesterification near supercritical methanol condition

Hamed Mohamadzadeh Shirazi et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Recent insights into biohydrogen production by microalgae - From biophotolysis to dark fermentation

Dillirani Nagarajan et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Drop-in biofuel production via conventional (lipid/fatty acid) and advanced (biomass) routes. Part I

Sergios Karatzos et al.

BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR (2017)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Comprehensive techno-economic analysis of wastewater-based algal biofuel production: A case study

Chunhua Xin et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Effects of processing conditions on biocrude yields from fast hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Julia L. Faeth et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Optimizing biomethane production from anaerobic degradation of Scenedesmus spp. biomass harvested from algae-based swine digestate treatment

Simone Perazzoli et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2016)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recent developments on biofuels production from microalgae and macroalgae

Kanhaiya Kumar et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2016)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Combining urban wastewater treatment with biohydrogen production - An integrated microalgae-based approach

Ana Paula Batista et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Biodiesel production from microalgae oil catalyzed by a recombinant lipase

Jinjin Huang et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Energy & Fuels

Conversion routes for production of biokerosene-status and assessment

Ulf Neuling et al.

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY (2015)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Concurrent extraction and reaction for the production of biodiesel from wet microalgae

HanJin Im et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Improvement of hydrogen production by newly isolated Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum IIT BT-ST1

Shantonu Roy et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2014)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Biodiesel from microalgae - Life cycle assessment and recommendations for potential improvements

Pierre Collet et al.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2014)

Article Environmental Sciences

Potential contribution of wind energy to climate change mitigation

R. J. Barthelmie et al.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2014)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata, and sugarcane

Daniel Klein-Marcuschamer et al.

BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR (2013)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Fast pyrolysis of microalgae remnants in a fluidized bed reactor for bio-oil and biochar production

Kaige Wang et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2013)

Article Energy & Fuels

Converting Algal Triglycerides to Diesel and HEFA Jet Fuel Fractions

Heinz J. Robota et al.

ENERGY & FUELS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Biohydrogen production by a novel integration of dark fermentation and mixotrophic microalgae cultivation

Chien-Hung Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2013)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Development of hydrothermal liquefaction and upgrading technologies for lipid-extracted algae conversion to liquid fuels

Yunhua Zhu et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Towards Quantitative Conversion of Microalgae Oil to Diesel-Range Alkanes with Bifunctional Catalysts

Baoxiang Peng et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biohydrogen production from arabinose and glucose using extreme thermophilic anaerobic mixed cultures

Angela A. Abreu et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS (2012)

Review Environmental Sciences

KEROSENE: A REVIEW OF HOUSEHOLD USES AND THEIR HAZARDS IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

Nicholas L. Lam et al.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS (2012)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Nutrient recycling of aqueous phase for microalgae cultivation from the hydrothermal liquefaction process

P. Biller et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2012)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Heterotrophic/mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous Chlorella vulgaris on industrial co-products

Debjani Mitra et al.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2012)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Technoeconomic analysis of five microalgae-to-biofuels processes of varying complexity

Luke Amer et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Optimization of direct conversion of wet algae to biodiesel under supercritical methanol conditions

Prafulla D. Patil et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Agricultural Engineering

The techno-economic potential of renewable energy through the anaerobic digestion of microalgae

Carlos Zamalloa et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Bioflocculation of microalgae and bacteria combined with flue gas to improve sewage treatment

Sofie Van den Hende et al.

NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Influence of acid pre-treatment on microalgal biomass for bioethanol production

Razif Harun et al.

PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY (2011)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microalgae for the production of bulk chemicals and biofuels

Rene H. Wijffels et al.

BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR (2010)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors

Orlando Jorquera et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2010)

Article Biology

Microalgae: The Potential for Carbon Capture

Richard Sayre

BIOSCIENCE (2010)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The water footprint of bioenergy

Winnie Gerbens-Leenes et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Advances in biological hydrogen production processes

Debabrata Das et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2008)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Biological hydrogen production; fundamentals and limiting processes

PC Hallenbeck et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2002)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydrogen production by biological processes: a survey of literature

D Das et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2001)