Simultaneous Quantification of Some Fluoroquinolone Residues in Real Wastewater Effluents Using CZE

Since active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are directly related to human health, monitoring and quantifying them in the environment is a crucial and challenging issue. Using capillaryzone electrophoresis (CZE), four frequently used fluoroquinolones (FQs), ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, were efficiently isolated and measured in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed and used as an efficient sample pretreatment procedure. The capillary electrophoretic procedure's various parameters were tuned to produce the optimal separation pattern for the drugs under consideration. All of the drugs under study were quantified in a concentration range of 0.5 to 50 mu g/mL. After full assay validation in compliance with ICH-Q2B criteria, real wastewater samples were subjected to effective SPE, and the proposed assay was successfully used to determine the examined FQs in real wastewater samples.

Automated summary

Monitoring and quantifying active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment is crucial for human health. This study successfully isolated and measured four commonly used fluoroquinolones in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater using capillary zone electrophoresis. Solid-phase extraction was used as an efficient sample pretreatment, and the assay was validated and applied to real wastewater samples.