Durum Wheat Production as Affected by Soil Tillage and Fertilization Management in a Mediterranean Environment

Several strategies have been proposed recently to reduce the accumulated harmful circumstances of intensive conventional farming practices. The adoption of conservation soil tillage and organic fertilization techniques could contribute to achieving this goal. The study was conducted over a three-year trial to assess the effects of soil tillage practices (plough; subsoil; spading) and fertilization management (inorganic vs. organic) on durum wheat growth dynamics and productivity in a Mediterranean environment. The chlorophyll concentration (CC) was evaluated using an MC-100 chlorophyll meter, and Green Area (GA) was extracted from red-green-blue (RGB) digital images acquired with a commercially available digital camera. These non-destructive low-cost methods were used to examine crop status and its reactions to climate conditions over three consecutive growing seasons in the field. A positive strong linear relationship between both CC and GA against grain yield in each growing season was identified. The study highlights that CC and GA methods are valuable tools to assess crop development under Mediterranean conditions. The results indicated that the applied conservation tillage systems, such as subsoil tillage and using the spading machine, along with organic fertilization with compost, are valuable choices in the Mediterranean basin for sustainable and higher crop production (13%) compared to the conventional traditional system.

Automated summary

There have been recent proposals for strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of intensive conventional farming practices. Conservation soil tillage and organic fertilization techniques were found to be effective in achieving this goal. A three-year trial in a Mediterranean environment showed that subsoil tillage and spading, along with organic fertilization, led to higher wheat productivity compared to conventional methods. Non-destructive methods such as chlorophyll concentration and green area assessment were effective in evaluating crop development in this region.