Related references
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Summary: Through a study in Denmark, we found that previous infection can provide up to 92.7% protection against SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.5 and reduce the risk of hospitalization. The vaccine protection against BA.5 infection is similar to or slightly weaker than that against BA.2 infection. BA.5 infections are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization compared with BA.2 infections.
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Po Ying Chia et al.
Summary: This study found that mRNA vaccines are highly effective at preventing symptomatic and severe COVID-19 associated with B.1.617.2 infection. Vaccination is associated with a faster decline in viral RNA load and a robust serological response.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
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Lukasz Rabalski et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the possible zoonotic spill-over of SARS-CoV-2 and reported the transmission of mink-adapted SARS-CoV-2 from farmed mink to humans for at least 3 months.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
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Glenn A. Marsh et al.
Summary: Researchers made efforts early in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to propagate and characterize an Australian isolate of the virus in vitro and in an ex vivo model of human airway epithelium, as well as to demonstrate the susceptibility of domestic ferrets to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal challenge.
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Emma K. Accorsi et al.
Summary: Assessing the performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant is crucial for public health guidance. This study found that receiving three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a lower likelihood of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to being unvaccinated or receiving two doses. These findings suggest that three doses of mRNA vaccine provide protection against both Omicron and Delta variants, though the protection against Omicron may be slightly lower.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
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Anika Singanayagam et al.
Summary: Vaccination reduces the risk of delta variant infection and accelerates viral clearance. However, fully vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections may still have similar peak viral loads as unvaccinated cases and can efficiently transmit the infection.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Vanessa L. Hale et al.
Summary: Research shows that free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeast Ohio, USA are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, potentially enabling the virus to be transmitted in wildlife, opening up new pathways for evolution.
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David W. Eyre et al.
Summary: In this study, it was found that vaccination reduces the transmission risk of the Delta variant, but the protection of the vaccine decreases over time. The effectiveness of the vaccine is higher against the Alpha variant compared to the Delta variant.
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Ottavia Prunas et al.
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Article
Infectious Diseases
Sergio Villanueva-Saz et al.
Summary: A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan in 2019 and spread globally causing the pandemic COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of this virus on domestic and stray animals, especially cats. A study in Spain found that 3.51% of stray cats tested were seropositive to SARS-CoV-2, indicating their exposure to the virus for the first time. Additionally, concomitant infections with other pathogens like Toxoplasma and FIV were also identified.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
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Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz et al.
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VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
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Konner Cool et al.
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EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
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Reina S. Sikkema et al.
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Raquel Francisco et al.
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Maylis Layan et al.
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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Paddy Ssentongo et al.
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BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Baoqi Zeng et al.
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Yinon M. Bar-On et al.
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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Gili Regev-Yochay et al.
Summary: Health care workers in Israel received a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine during the prevalence of the omicron variant. The fourth dose boosted antibody levels but did not surpass the maximum observed after the third dose. The vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 31 to 43% against symptomatic disease.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Angelica Stranieri et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in free roaming cats in an area highly affected by COVID-19, correlating the results with positivity rates in the human population. While no SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the cats, higher positivity and seropositivity rates were found in humans, suggesting that colony cats may not play a significant epidemiological role in transmission dynamics.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
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Anna E. van Aart et al.
Summary: This study provides evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 12 feral cats and 2 dogs from 10 infected mink farms. The research also shows that mink-to-cat transmission could occur at a rate of approximately 12%, while the origin of infections in dogs remains inconclusive. Interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2, particularly mink-to-cat transmission, should be considered as a potential risk for spread of the virus.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
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Beatriz Cardoso et al.
Summary: In the context of disease emergence, efforts have been made to develop wildlife disease surveillance (WDS) programs throughout Europe. A need for integrated wildlife monitoring (IWM) is identified, which should include passive disease surveillance, active surveillance, and population monitoring components to effectively assess epidemiological dynamics and outcomes of interventions.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
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Jussipekka Salo et al.
Summary: This study, using data from healthcare workers in Finland, found that COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a reduction in infections not only among vaccinated individuals but also among unvaccinated adult household members. The study also showed that the indirect effectiveness of the vaccines is smaller for unvaccinated children compared to adults.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun et al.
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Cedric C. S. Tan et al.
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Adam S. Lauring et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Three vaccine doses were required for protection against omicron, while two doses provided protection against delta and alpha variants. Omicron variant showed lower disease severity compared to delta variant but still resulted in morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients had lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
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Andres Moreira-Soto et al.
Summary: In contrast to North American white-tailed deer, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in German and Austrian deer species, based on the pseudoneutralization assay.
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Jiwon Jung et al.
Summary: This cohort study found that although the initial genomic viral load was similar between individuals with breakthrough infections and those without, fully vaccinated individuals had a shorter duration of viable viral shedding and a lower secondary attack rate.
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Sonalika Mahajan et al.
Summary: This report presents a case of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 in a free-ranging Indian leopard. The virus was detected in various organs, and the genome sequence analysis confirmed the infection. The case highlights the importance of intensive screening of wildlife for tracking the virus evolution and carrier status of SARS-CoV-2.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
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James A. Hay et al.
Summary: This study investigated the impact of immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants on viral kinetics during infections. The results suggest that while these factors have some influence, individual-level variation plays a dominant role.
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Bradley Pickering et al.
Summary: This study conducted observational surveillance in Ontario, Canada and found a highly divergent lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer. Genetic analysis suggests a shared ancestry with mink-derived virus and reveals an epidemiologically linked human infection. These findings provide evidence for sustained evolution and deer-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer, highlighting their potential as reservoirs for viral variants.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
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Heba N. Altarawneh et al.
Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Medicine, General & Internal
Julie Boucau et al.
Summary: The shedding of the culturable SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1) variant could be detected within a median of 8 days after symptom onset or the initial positive test in outpatients with Covid-19, as revealed by frequent PCR and viral-culture assessments.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Infectious Diseases
Bernard Davoust et al.
Summary: During the first half of 2021, seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15.6% of 33 wild mustelids tested in the Brittany region of France. Western blot and ELISA techniques were used to detect the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the animals. Although qPCR tests were negative, this study provides preliminary evidence of unknown sources of infection.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
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Virology
Pierre Bessiere et al.
Summary: This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in privately owned dogs and cats in veterinary clinics in France. The results suggest that the occurrence of a COVID-19 episode in the household may increase the risk of animal seropositivity. However, pets do not appear to be significant viral reservoirs.
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Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sergio Villanueva-Saz et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in European mink and American mink in Spain. The results show a low risk of wild mink exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in an area seriously affected by COVID-19, reducing the likelihood of virus transmission to humans through this route. However, continued surveillance and early detection of risks in wildlife remains important.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yuntao Zou et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of currently available COVID-19 vaccines and boosters against the Omicron variant. The results showed that full vaccination effectively reduces infection from the Omicron variant, but the effectiveness decreases over time. Booster vaccines provide additional protection against the Omicron variant.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
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Microbiology
Chutchai Piewbang et al.
Summary: This study conducted an epidemiological investigation and genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats and dogs during multiple waves of COVID-19 outbreaks in Thailand. The results showed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 in both cats and dogs, with evidence of contact with infected humans. The study suggests that infected humans are the primary source of viral transmission in pets.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Shirley Collie et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marleen M. Kannekens-Jager et al.
Summary: The study found that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats was higher in multi-person households with two or more COVID-19-positive individuals compared to households with only one positive individual. There were no associations between the SARS-CoV-2 status of animals and their health status, age, or sex in both study populations. In households, no transmission was observed between pets despite long-lasting virus shedding in cats.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
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Virology
Leira Fernandez-Bastit et al.
Summary: This study investigated the susceptibility of goats to the B.1.351/Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed evidence of infection in experimental inoculation, but the viral amount and tissue distribution suggested a low susceptibility of goats to this variant. Therefore, goats are unlikely to serve as reservoir species for SARS-CoV-2, and they are not suitable surrogates for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed animals.
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Virology
Brian R. Amman et al.
Summary: Zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected humans to animals, specifically minks and cats, has been observed globally. In Utah, outbreaks on mink farms led to high mortality rates among the minks. Investigation revealed that both free-roaming and feral cats living near the farms were actively and previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. These cats frequently visited the mink sheds, moved around the affected farms, and even ventured into surrounding residential areas, potentially contributing to local spread of the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neda Jalali et al.
Summary: This study investigates household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Norway. The authors find that the secondary attack rate is higher for Omicron compared to Delta, but three-dose vaccinated contacts have a lower risk of infection for both variants. Understanding the epidemic growth of Omicron is critical for public health.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Frederik Plesner Lyngse et al.
Summary: This study compares the transmission dynamics of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants using household data from Denmark. The findings indicate that Omicron has a higher secondary attack rate, and that vaccinated individuals have a higher odds of infection with Omicron compared to Delta.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
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Microbiology
Miguel Garcia-Knight et al.
Summary: This study compared the viral shedding dynamics of unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that vaccination did not affect the maximum levels of viral RNA, infectious titers, or the median duration of viral RNA shedding. However, vaccinated individuals had a faster decay rate of viral RNA load and a shorter duration of infectious virus detection. The odds of shedding infectious virus were also lower among vaccinated participants after 5 days from symptom onset.
Review
Immunology
Wiebe Kulper-Schiek et al.
Summary: This study systematically evaluates the effectiveness and duration of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant. The results show that the vaccines have low effectiveness after full primary immunization, but the effectiveness can be improved by booster vaccination. The vaccines provide high and long-lasting protection against severe COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yajuan Zhu et al.
Summary: This paper summarizes the findings of studies on the effectiveness of booster vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The results show a significant reduction in infection rates among individuals who received booster shots, particularly during the dominance of the Delta and Omicron variants.
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Immunology
Stephanie M. Porter et al.
Summary: This study assessed the susceptibility of two wild canid species, red foxes and coyotes, to SARS-CoV-2. It found that red foxes became infected and shed infectious virus after experimental inoculation, while coyotes were unlikely to be competent hosts for the virus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Andreia Oliveira et al.
Summary: This study investigates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats from Portugal and evaluates the risk of infection from human COVID-19 cases. The results indicate a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from humans to cats, even in a context of close contact.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Thanit Sila et al.
Summary: A veterinarian in Thailand was diagnosed with COVID-19 after being sneezed on by an infected cat, supporting the hypothesis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the owner to the cat and then from the cat to the veterinarian.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Jenni Virtanen et al.
Summary: We report an experimental infection of American mink with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which showed that mink remained positive for viral RNA, experienced clinical signs and histopathologic changes, and transmitted the virus to uninfected recipients. Preparedness is crucial to prevent the spread among mink and spillover to human populations.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Matthieu Fritz et al.
Summary: This study tested 144 pet rabbits in France for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and reported the first evidence of natural infection in rabbits, with a low seroprevalence ranging from 0.7% to 1.4%.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
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Biology
Bobo Wing-Yee Mok et al.
Summary: The study found that the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 has increased competitive fitness in a hamster model, replicating and shedding more efficiently in the nasal cavity, which may contribute to its rapid transmission. These results help explain why emerging variants of the virus are more efficient in spreading.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pellegrino Cerino et al.
Summary: The study found that the risk of reverse zoonotic transmission between bred animals and SARS-CoV-2-positive breeders is very low or nonexistent. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo et al.
Summary: This study suggests that pets can potentially contract the virus from their COVID-19 infected owners, with cats possibly acting as hosts for SARS-CoV-2. Further investigation is needed to understand their role in carrying and disseminating the virus.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luca D. Bertzbach et al.
Summary: The Chinese hamster model for SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established, offering a valuable tool for studying disease pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapies. This model demonstrates strong infection susceptibility, more pronounced clinical symptoms, and is well-suited for related research purposes.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Malgorzata Pomorska-Mol et al.
Summary: The study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dog, cat, and rabbit populations in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that the seroprevalence in cats and dogs was 1.79% and 1.17% respectively, while all samples from rabbits were negative. No significant gender or age differences in seroprevalence were found in dogs and cats.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Courtney Woolsey et al.
Summary: African green monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit symptoms closely resembling those in humans, making them a valuable model for studying COVID-19 pathogenesis and testing medical interventions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathryn A. Ryan et al.
Summary: The study found that high doses of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets can cause viral RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract and lung pathology, while lower doses result in milder pathological symptoms. Ferrets re-challenged after virus shedding ceased are fully protected from acute lung pathology.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Shuai et al.
Summary: Minks can efficiently replicate and transmit SARS-CoV-2, causing similar pulmonary lesions to humans with COVID-19; a spike protein-based subunit vaccine can largely prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication and lung damage in minks.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Dhiraj Kumar Singh et al.
Summary: Non-human primate models, particularly macaques and baboons, demonstrate acute respiratory distress and immune responses similar to COVID-19 progression in humans, making them valuable for testing vaccines and therapies. Age appears to affect viral shedding, lung inflammation, and immune response in these animal models.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Robert M. Cox et al.
Summary: Treating SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets with nucleoside analogue MK-4482/EIDD-2801 reduced viral load and suppressed virus spread. This therapeutic approach shows promise in breaking transmission chains of the COVID-19 pandemic.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anette Boklund et al.
Summary: Since 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic, spreading to mink farms in the Netherlands and Denmark, where infected mink can easily transmit the virus within farms and to humans through close contact. The virus was detected in various samples from infected farms, showcasing the susceptibility of mink to SARS-CoV-2, but the exact routes of transmission between farms remain unclear, with direct human contact still being the primary mode of transmission.
Article
Pathology
Robert V. Blair et al.
Summary: This study reported two cases of ARDS in AGMs infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype in two surviving AGMs and four infected RMs. The results suggest that aged AGMs may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations related to COVID-19.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helle Daugaard Larsen et al.
Summary: During June-November 2020, SARS-CoV-2-infected mink were found in 290 out of 1,147 Danish mink farms. In North Denmark Region, 30% of individuals associated with mink farms tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and approximately 27% of SARS-CoV-2 strains in the community were linked to mink. Despite measures taken, the virus spread was not effectively controlled, leading to the government ordering the culling of all Danish mink as they pose a potential virus reservoir that challenges pandemic control.
Article
Immunology
Linlin Bao et al.
Summary: Research has shown that domestic cats can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, but the virus's transmissibility is significantly attenuated after being passed between cats, likely due to variations in the amino acids of the receptor-binding domain sites of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 between humans and cats. These findings provide insight into the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in cats and offer important information for protecting the health of humans and cats.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Daniel Owusu et al.
Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 for >= 10 days after symptom onset, but individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 are unlikely to be infectious >= 10 days after symptom onset. Participants under 18 had shorter shedding resolution times, while those over 50 had longer shedding resolution times compared to those aged 18-49.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mitchell Palmer et al.
Summary: White-tailed deer are highly susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2, shedding infectious virus and transmitting it to other deer upon intranasal inoculation, providing important insights into the potential animal hosts of the virus.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rory D. de Vries et al.
Summary: The lipopeptide fusion inhibitors designed effectively blocked the critical first step of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily intranasal administration to ferrets prevented transmission completely, showcasing potential as safe and effective prophylaxis for reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Virology
Shollie Falkenberg et al.
Summary: The study aimed to determine the susceptibility of cattle to SARS-CoV-2, with results indicating no productive replication of the virus in colostrum-deprived calves following intratracheal and intravenous inoculation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmin S. Kutter et al.
Summary: The study shows that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air over more than a meter distance in ferrets, indicating that ferrets may be a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jose L. Gonzales et al.
Summary: Domestic cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 virus and may play a role in its transmission and maintenance. Current research focuses on assessing the risk of cat-to-cat transmission, but further studies are needed to understand the risk of transmission from humans-to-cats and cats-to-humans. More data on household transmission and virus levels in the environment around infected cats are crucial for assessing these risks.
Article
Virology
Stuart Dowall et al.
Summary: This study utilized hamsters as an experimental animal model to investigate virus transmission dynamics, demonstrating variations in disease levels and kinetics among infected animals within a natural transmission cage system. The results suggest the utility of this natural transmission model for further studies on virus strains and intervention evaluations in a system that closely mimics human infection.
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Virology
Livia Sacchetto et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, originated in bats and has the potential to infect various animal species, raising concerns about new transmission cycles. Testing on neotropical monkeys near COVID-19 hotspots in Brazil did not show evidence of infection, but continuous surveillance is necessary due to the significant implications for human health.
Article
Virology
Hon S. Ip et al.
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of coronavirus infections in mink farms in Utah, with various types of coronaviruses detected, suggesting that these farms could be potential hot spots for future trans-species coronavirus spillover and new pandemics.
Article
Immunology
Natasha N. Gaudreault et al.
Summary: Studies have shown that cats previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be experimentally re-infected with the virus, but the levels of shed virus are insufficient for transmission to co-housed naive cats. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in cats induces immune responses that provide partial, non-sterilizing immune protection against re-infection.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lu Lu et al.
Summary: In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in mink farms in April 2020, leading to infections in minks and farm workers. The virus spread rapidly between mink farms, with a significant mutation in the Spike protein. Movement of people and distance between farms were significant predictors in viral dissemination between farms.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert M. Cox et al.
Summary: Remdesivir is an antiviral drug approved for COVID-19 treatment, but its intravenous administration limits wider use. A study has shown that GS-621763, an oral prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside GS-441524, has good oral bioavailability and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern in ferrets, demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in a relevant animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jacobo Giner et al.
Summary: This study in Spain discovered evidence of household pet ferrets being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, with two out of 127 ferrets tested positive for the virus. This suggests that pet ferrets may also be susceptible to infection.
Article
Microbiology
Thomas Bruun Rasmussen et al.
Summary: In a farm with around 15,000 animals, a majority of tested mink became infected with SARS-CoV-2 and remained seropositive even after free-testing. After the second round of infection, the animals showed significantly higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their serum samples.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Guadalupe Miro et al.
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cat and three dogs living in households with confirmed human COVID-19 cases in the Madrid Community. The results showed that some animals exhibited symptoms after infection, while others remained asymptomatic. Serological analysis revealed that some animals developed antibodies shortly after viral shedding.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Devanshi R. Patel et al.
Summary: Research on ferrets showed that SARS-CoV-2 primarily transmits through direct contact, and previously infected ferrets are protected against reinfection for at least 56 days. Vaccination induces immune response, but better strategies are needed to protect the upper respiratory tract from infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Jane Hall et al.
Summary: The study aimed to determine the factors associated with vaccine coverage for two COVID-19 vaccines in the UK and to document the vaccine effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among healthcare workers. Results showed that the vaccine can prevent both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in working-age adults, with a vaccine effectiveness of 70% after the first dose and 85% after the second dose.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Eva Spada et al.
Summary: Studies in northern Italy have shown that stray cats were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, but at a lower prevalence compared to owned cats, which should alleviate public concerns of stray cats acting as carriers.
Article
Microbiology
Anna Fagre et al.
Summary: The study found that deer mice are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and the virus can persist for a long time in their bodies, with efficient transmission to other deer mice. This suggests the potential for sustained transmission in natural populations of deer mice.
Article
Microbiology
Thomas P. Peacock et al.
Summary: Efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among infected ferrets is dependent on a functional furin cleavage site in the spike protein. The virus has a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells due to a polybasic insertion, but replication may be impaired in certain cell lines.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew J. Page et al.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Ross J. Harris et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Valeria Carolina Colombo et al.
Summary: This study tested Norway rats in the sewer system of Antwerp, Belgium for SARS-CoV-2, finding all samples negative for infection. Although the sampled rats were not infected, monitoring should continue due to the potential threat of new variants infecting Muridae rodents.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Alexandra Buckley et al.
Summary: Research has shown that pigs cannot replicate or transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus, indicating that they are unlikely to play a role in the epidemiology and spread of the virus.
Article
Virology
Sandra Barroso-Arevalo et al.
Summary: This study documented the first detection of the B.1.1.7 variant of concern in a dog in Spain, highlighting the importance of active surveillance and genomic investigation on infected animals.
Article
Virology
Hugo Fernandez-Bellon et al.
Summary: While there is no evidence to suggest animals play a role in the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is known that certain animal species are susceptible to the infection. Recent studies from Barcelona Zoo indicate that human-to-lion transmission of the virus occurred, supported by the timeline of events, viral dynamics, and genetic data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan D. Griffin et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that North American deer mice are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can replicate and transmit the virus without showing significant symptoms.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia R. Port et al.
Summary: Port and Yinda et al. directly compared the relative contribution of contact, fomite, and airborne transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and found that different routes of exposure lead to distinct disease manifestations. Infection through intranasal and aerosol exposure caused severe respiratory pathology, while fomite exposure resulted in milder disease characterized by an anti-inflammatory immune state and delayed shedding pattern.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Serafeim C. Chaintoutis et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreaks in minks have serious implications for both animal health and public health. Investigation in two naturally infected mink farms in Greece revealed high mortality rates, efficient human-to-mink transmission, and widespread symptoms of respiratory illness. The viral strains in the minks possessed specific substitutions and histopathological findings indicated acute broncho-interstitial pneumonia upon infection.
Article
Microbiology
Ria Lassauniere et al.
Summary: In addition to humans, SARS-CoV-2 can also infect various animals, with mink being particularly susceptible. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms in Denmark led to concerns over virus mutations and transmission back to humans.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Christian A. Devaux et al.
Summary: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants causing concern about their ability to escape vaccine protection. The study compared human and mink receptors, analyzed mutations in spike protein structure, and predicted immune response targets. Mink-selected variants show increased affinity for human receptors and ability to escape neutralization by one monoclonal antibody, but are unlikely to lose major epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Catherine M. Brown et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sergio Villanueva-Saz et al.
Summary: Different species, including domestic and wild animals, can carry coronavirus. The Coroviridae family consists of four genera, including Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Some domestic animals, like sheep, can be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. A study testing sheep serum samples from both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods showed no evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sheep may not play a significant role in the epidemiology of the virus. This is the first study to report the absence of evidence of sheep exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in natural conditions.
Article
Microbiology
Lorena Jemersic et al.
Summary: After testing dominant free-living and captive wildlife species in Croatia for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies and viral RNA, there was no evidence of animal infection. Further investigation is needed, especially regarding the impact of wildlife sample features on serological testing.
Article
Microbiology
Nora M. Gerhards et al.
Summary: Multiple research groups worldwide inoculated various animal species with different SARS-CoV-2 strains to evaluate species susceptibility, with precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) proving to be a useful tool for screening. The commonly used hamster model was further refined by introducing additional parameters for evaluating infection susceptibility and lung pathology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liang Wang et al.
Summary: The study found that at least 12.5% of all individuals infected with human-transmitted dominant mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 variants in Denmark and the Netherlands were caused by human-to-human transmission. This suggests the need for monitoring and prevention measures to avoid large-scale community transmission caused by the virus jumping between animals and humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting Pan et al.
Summary: The study reports direct contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 in wild-type mice, causing significant pathological changes and enhanced immune response. The spike protein RBD domain of this variant showed high affinity to mouse mACE2, making mice highly susceptible. The research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.351) expands its host range and increases transmission route without adapted mutations.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Angela M. Bosco-Lauth et al.
Summary: Pilot studies showed that common domestic livestock infected with SARS-CoV-2 did not shed infectious virus and had low or non-existent neutralizing antibody titres one month post-infection. This suggests that domestic livestock are unlikely to contribute to the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey C. Chandler et al.
Summary: Research indicates that white-tailed deer in the United States have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, with 40% of samples testing positive for antibodies. This suggests that human infections of the novel coronavirus may have an impact on wildlife.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
R. J. Delahay et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely originated from wildlife, leading to human-to-animal transmission. The establishment of reservoirs of infection in wild animals poses challenges to infection control in humans and threatens wildlife welfare and conservation status. Efforts for dynamic risk assessment and targeted surveillance in wildlife are crucial for early detection and understanding the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, integrating information from public and veterinary health initiatives.
ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jozko Racnik et al.
Summary: This case report describes a natural infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmitted from an owner to a pet ferret in the same household in Slovenia. Whole-genome sequencing of the viruses isolated from the owner and ferret revealed a 2-nt difference.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lukasz Rabalski et al.
Summary: A study in northern Poland found that 15 out of 91 mink on a fur farm tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with some carrying a variant with sporadic mutations in the spike protein. The study suggests implementing country-scale monitoring by veterinary inspection to detect SARS-CoV-2 in other mink farms.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Angela M. Bosco-Lauth et al.
Summary: This study found that some common peridomestic wildlife species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can shed the virus, while other species are not susceptible. These results expand our knowledge of susceptible species and provide evidence that human-wildlife interactions could lead to continued transmission of the virus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Barbara Colitti et al.
Summary: A serologic survey in Italy found that cats had a higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared to dogs, particularly among animals in close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive owners.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Christian Gortazar et al.
Summary: In central Spain, 8.4% of ferrets were found to carry SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting natural infection in kept ferrets occurs when virus circulation among humans is high. However, small ferret collections may not be able to maintain virus circulation.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shan Zhao et al.
Summary: Research on SARS-CoV-2 infections in cats and dogs developed serologic assays and found a low seroprevalence rate in a study of 500 samples from domestic cats and dogs in the Netherlands.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz et al.
Summary: The study reported the infection of mink with SARS-CoV-2 on a farm in Poland and subsequent analysis of virus sequences from two isolates. The results can be useful for evaluating the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland and its impact on public health.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lorenz Ulrich et al.
Summary: Bank voles were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, showing seroconversion within 8 days and viral RNA detection in nasal tissue up to 21 days. However, transmission to contact animals was not observed, indicating that bank voles are unlikely to establish effective transmission cycles in nature.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Susan A. Shriner et al.
Summary: The study found that wild minks captured around farms in Utah may serve as a potential pathway for transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to native wildlife.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bas B. Oude Munnink et al.
Summary: Animal experiments have shown that various animals can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, with evidence of animal-to-human transmission within mink farms. Investigation into mink farm outbreaks revealed that the virus was initially introduced by humans and has since evolved, causing transmission between mink farms. Despite enhanced biosecurity measures and culling, transmission occurred between farms in three large clusters with unknown modes of transmission, resulting in a high percentage of infections among mink farm residents and employees.
Article
Immunology
Brad S. Pickering et al.
Summary: Pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 with viral RNA and antibodies detected, but live virus was isolated from only one pig. Additional assessment of other livestock is needed to determine their potential role in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anne Sofie Hammer et al.
Summary: Novel virus variants in farmed mink in Denmark were found to subsequently appear in the local human community, highlighting the potential for interspecies transmission of the virus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Shiho Chiba et al.
Summary: It is easily for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to transmit between domestic cats. Recovered domestic cats may have some protection against reinfection, but long-term persistence of inflammation and other lung lesions were found after infection despite limited viral replication and absence of clinical symptoms.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Victor M. Corman et al.
Article
Immunology
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianzhong Shi et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barry Rockx et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Junhua Deng et al.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sin Fun Sia et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vincent J. Munster et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter J. Halfmann et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nadia Oreshkova et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Chao Shan et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masaki Imai et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Pathology
Robert Jan Molenaar et al.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathilde Richard et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angela M. Bosco-Lauth et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuan Zhao et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Khan Sharun et al.
VETERINARY QUARTERLY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. Patterson et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Jakob Trimpert et al.
Article
Immunology
Hyunsuh Kim et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthieu Fritz et al.
Article
Immunology
Conrad M. Freuling et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Lorenz Ulrich et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Zoology
Ling Xu et al.
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Victor G. Puelles et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kore Schlottau et al.
Article
Immunology
David A. Meekins et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Natasha N. Gaudreault et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dominique Bicout et al.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Christian Gortazar et al.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2015)
