Evolving Diagnostic and Management Advances in Coronary Heart Disease

Despite considerable improvement in diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options over the last few decades, the global burden of ischemic heart disease is steadily rising, remaining a major cause of death worldwide. Thus, new strategies are needed to lessen cardiovascular events. Researchers in different areas such as biotechnology and tissue engineering have developed novel therapeutic strategies such as stem cells, nanotechnology, and robotic surgery, among others (3D printing and drugs). In addition, advances in bioengineering have led to the emergence of new diagnostic and prognostic techniques, such as quantitative flow ratio (QFR), and biomarkers for atherosclerosis. In this review, we explore novel diagnostic invasive and noninvasive modalities that allow a more detailed characterization of coronary disease. We delve into new technological revascularization procedures and pharmacological agents that target several residual cardiovascular risks, including inflammatory, thrombotic, and metabolic pathways.

Automated summary

Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic options, ischemic heart disease remains a major cause of death worldwide. Researchers in biotechnology and tissue engineering have developed novel strategies such as stem cells and nanotechnology to reduce cardiovascular events. Advances in bioengineering have also led to new diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for atherosclerosis. This review explores innovative invasive and noninvasive modalities for coronary disease characterization, as well as technological revascularization procedures and pharmacological agents targeting residual cardiovascular risks.