Related references
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Review
Cell Biology
Ali Choaib et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-induced liver inflammation is a serious condition that can lead to liver damage. Hepatic stellate cells respond to liver injury and further perpetuate the cytokine storm. Anti-inflammatory drugs may have a beneficial effect in treating liver injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Summary: The World Health Organization has been tracking the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. Reported statistics on COVID-19 mortality vary across countries due to testing access, diagnostic capacity, and inconsistent cause of death certification. This study provides a comprehensive measurement of the pandemic's impact by estimating excess deaths globally, which are 2.74 times more than reported COVID-19 deaths. There are significant variations in excess death estimates across different regions, highlighting the need for better reporting.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ioanna Papagiouvanni et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, leading to the COVID-19 pandemic. While COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it can also cause liver injury. The exact mechanisms of liver damage are not fully understood, but they may involve direct viral effects, immune responses, hypoxia, and drug toxicity. Patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 and liver complications.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Naeem et al.
Summary: The global outbreak of COVID-19 poses serious challenges and adverse impacts for patients with chronic liver disease, becoming a major threat to public health. COVID-19 patients have a high risk of lung injury and multiorgan dysfunction, presenting a major challenge to hepatology. Clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients and those with liver injury include elevated liver enzymes and inflammatory markers, as well as reduced immune cell levels.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ruiqi Yang et al.
Summary: A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between liver injury and the severity of COVID-19. The analysis showed that severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with elevated liver enzymes, abnormal liver function, and higher mortality risk in patients with liver injury.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Randy Q. Cron et al.
Summary: Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a frequently fatal hyperinflammatory condition that has gained attention during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. It encompasses various hyperinflammatory disorders associated with multiorgan system failure, including familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Familial HLH is caused by genetic defects in the perforin pathway, while secondary HLH and MAS often involve NK cell dysfunction. Treatment for HLH involves targeting overactive lymphocytes and macrophages with etoposide and glucocorticoids, but more targeted and safer anticytokine approaches are becoming popular.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Christian Lenz et al.
Summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, it can also cause a wide range of complications in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, and metabolic systems. Long-term symptoms have been observed in more than 50% of COVID-19 patients, with older age, female sex, race, ethnicity, and comorbidities being identified as risk factors. It is crucial to conduct prospective studies to understand the ongoing effects of COVID-19 and provide appropriate management and care for patients, particularly those in vulnerable groups.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
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Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joshua D. Simpson et al.
Summary: Despite the efforts to develop effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2, progress has been hindered. This study explores the role of C-type lectins, specifically DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, in COVID-19 and their interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. The findings suggest that these lectins have high affinity interactions with the virus, independent of ACE2.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy L. Wiemken et al.
Summary: Determining whether SARS-CoV-2 exhibits seasonality is important for public health planning. Using time series models, we found seasonal spikes in COVID-19 rates from November through April for all outcomes and in all countries. Our results support the use of annual preventative measures and booster vaccines, similar to those used for influenza.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Montori et al.
Summary: COVID-19 pandemic waves have led to pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms, including acute liver damage. Acute liver damage is common in COVID-19 patients and is generally self-limiting. However, patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have a less favorable prognosis. Early recognition, monitoring, and treatment of liver damage are crucial. Recognition of acute hepatic decompensation due to the virus and/or drugs used for COVID-19 treatment is essential in the ongoing pandemic.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shannon Wu et al.
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher hospitalization and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19, even after adjusting for other factors. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension could help reduce mortality from COVID-19.
METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
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Environmental Sciences
Tapan Behl et al.
Summary: The study highlights the potential role of CD147 as an alternative entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 infection, with implications for various aspects of the disease such as elevated blood glucose levels, reduced risk in women, increased susceptibility in the elderly, and greater infection susceptibility in certain cell types.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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Medicine, General & Internal
Dana Crisan et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the role of abnormal liver tests and non-invasive fibrosis estimators in the prognosis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It found that severe fibrosis estimators scores and elevated aspartate aminotransferase are independently associated with mortality, suggesting that high FIB-4 scores may serve as a predictor for survival in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
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Immunology
Maurizio Gabrielli et al.
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 often experience liver injury, but the specific mechanisms behind it are not fully understood. Possible factors include direct viral cytopathic effects, immune-mediated damage, and the impact of treatments.
Review
Immunology
Denise Battaglini et al.
Summary: This article summarizes the commonly used biomarkers in COVID-19, which play important roles in predicting disease severity, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. It also discusses how novel analytical strategies can be applied in clinical practice, emphasizing the need for future research to focus on identifying a limited but essential number of laboratory biomarkers for predicting prognosis and outcomes in severe COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohamed Elnaggar et al.
Summary: This review discusses the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the liver, as well as how chronic liver diseases affect the disease course and outcomes of COVID-19. It also discusses the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver, mechanisms of acute liver injury, and potential management plans.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
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Immunology
Yasaman Nazerian et al.
Summary: The cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 is a major factor in its severity, leading to multi-organ failure and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Research is being conducted to find potential therapeutic targets for controlling the cytokine storm.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Penghui Li et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, not only affects the respiratory system but also causes liver damage. Liver injury is relatively common in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe and critical cases. Liver injury is a result of multiple factors, including direct damage from the virus, drug-induced damage, hypoxia reperfusion dysfunction, immune stress, and inflammatory factor storms. Patients with chronic liver disease are at higher risk after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 can worsen existing liver damage.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mingjia Luo et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected patients with underlying liver disease, causing high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of liver injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully understood, but elevated liver enzymes have been identified as risk factors. This review provides an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on various liver diseases, including cirrhosis, alcohol-related liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infection, liver-transplant recipients, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, emerging data on vaccination in liver diseases are discussed.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
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Biology
Josipa Domjanovic et al.
Summary: This observational study investigated the performance of laboratory-derived biomarkers in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with COVID-19. The results showed that biomarkers such as De Ritis ratio, CRP-to-albumin ratio, LDH-to-hemoglobin ratio, CRP-to-lymphocyte ratio, and LDH-to-albumin ratio were significantly associated with 30-day mortality and exhibited good discrimination ability. These findings suggest the potential role of these biomarkers in risk stratification for COVID-19 in KTR.
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Faisal Aziz et al.
Summary: This study assessed the predictive performance of inflammatory, hepatic, coagulation, and cardiac biomarkers in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19 in Austria. Troponin T showed excellent predictive performance, while NT-proBNP showed good predictive performance for assessing in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Seung-Min Baik et al.
Summary: This study aims to develop machine-learning models to predict COVID-19 mortality and identify key features. The results showed that the deep-learning model performed better, but the ensemble model combining DL and ML had the best performance. Additionally, the Shapley Additive exPlanations method was used to extract feature importance.
Review
Virology
Catherine Paterson et al.
Summary: Many COVID-19 survivors continue to experience negative impacts on their health, including respiratory symptoms, decreased quality of life, fatigue, memory deficits, psychological impacts, and difficulties in returning to work. This study reviewed existing research to identify the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual impacts on survivors beyond the acute phase of the illness. The review found several impacts and highlighted the need for further investigation and support for those affected.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
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Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicola Wanner et al.
Summary: The study provides evidence for the hepatic tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on liver injury in COVID-19 patients. The researchers found viral RNA in autopsy liver specimens and successfully isolated infectious SARS-CoV-2 from liver tissue postmortem. The study also reveals similarities between the liver signatures of COVID-19 and other viral infections.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashish Sharma et al.
Summary: This meta-analysis focused on the occurrence and association of liver injury, comorbid liver disease, and elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 confirmed hospitalizations. The findings suggest that acute liver injury and elevated liver enzymes were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity, while comorbid liver disease did not have a significant impact on outcomes.
ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
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Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Faxiang Chen et al.
Summary: This study investigated liver injury in COVID-19 patients and identified potential risk factors for liver biochemistry abnormality and liver injury, providing valuable insights for clinical interventions.
ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY
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Medicine, General & Internal
Angelo Zinellu et al.
Summary: The De Ritis ratio on admission is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, showing potential as a predictor of mortality in this group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
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Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Harsh Goel et al.
Summary: Liver injury is a common occurrence among patients with COVID-19, with mild elevations in liver tests. High bilirubin, AST:ALT ratio, age, myocardial injury, and chronic illness are significant predictors of mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue-Nan Ni et al.
Summary: This study found that about one-third of hospitalized COVID-19 patients under 65 years old have comorbidities, with 63.1% requiring oxygen therapy and a mortality rate of 2.9% among those receiving oxygen therapy. Risk factors for requiring oxygen therapy include fever, dyspnea, chest distress, elevated respiratory rate, and decreased albumin and globulin levels.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelo Zinellu et al.
Summary: This study investigated serum prealbumin in COVID-19 patients and found that lower concentrations were significantly associated with disease severity and mortality, providing potential assistance for early risk stratification and management.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Panagiotis Paliogiannis et al.
Summary: This study found that lower serum albumin concentrations are significantly associated with disease severity and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Assessment of serum albumin concentrations may assist with early risk stratification and selection of appropriate care pathways.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
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Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yana Davidov-Derevynko et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection is associated with liver impairment in a significant number of patients, with mild abnormalities being more common. Higher FIB-4 levels upon admission are related to increased mortality, and patients with preexisting liver disease have a higher risk of death compared to those without liver disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
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Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dongxiao Li et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 outbreak has posed a global challenge since December 2019, with approximately 5% of patients progressing to severe lung injury or multiorgan dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are not fully understood and may be multifactorial, related to inflammation, immune responses, coagulation, and drugs. Further research is needed to explore these relationships.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
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Physiology
Miqueias Lopes-Pacheco et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, with the ability to infect human cells through binding to ACE2. This can lead to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, highlighting the importance of understanding the virus's biology and pathogenesis for identifying effective therapies.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
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Medicine, General & Internal
Raquel Benede-Ubieto et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 epidemic poses a serious threat to healthcare systems worldwide. A study analyzed clinical indicators related to liver injury in 799 COVID-19-confirmed patients, finding elevated serum levels of liver injury markers and a significant positive correlation between LDH levels, AST/ALT ratio, and disease outcome.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
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Pathology
Yevgen Chornenkyy et al.
Summary: The study found that most patients who died of COVID-19 showed evidence of mild focal hepatitis clinically and histologically, although the virus was detected in less than half of the cases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
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Zeming Liu et al.
Summary: Elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT are correlated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Liver function tests may aid clinicians in determining prognosis for patients undergoing treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
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Infectious Diseases
Angelo Zinellu et al.
Summary: The systematic review and meta-analysis found that serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and non-survivors, highlighting its potential utility in risk stratification and monitoring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Medicine, General & Internal
Raymond Pranata et al.
Summary: Elevated De Ritis ratio is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19, showing a positive correlation with disease severity, ICU care requirements, intubation, and other poor prognosis indicators.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
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Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew J. Page et al.
Summary: The PRISMA statement was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report the purpose, methods, and findings of their reviews. The updated PRISMA 2020 statement includes new reporting guidance, a 27-item checklist, an abstract checklist, and revised flow diagrams for reviews.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
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Immunology
Grace Lai-Hung Wong et al.
Summary: Liver injury in COVID-19 is associated with a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load during the early phase of infection, indicating possible direct viral injury to the liver. Prolonged viral persistence of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to liver injury.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Justine Jia Wen Seow et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been reported globally, with patients showing respiratory symptoms and liver comorbidities. A study found that a specific liver cell type, TROP2(+) liver progenitors, may be significantly impacted by viral ingress, affecting liver regeneration, particularly in cirrhotic patients.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Angelo Zinellu et al.
Summary: Prolonged INR values were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality, suggesting its potential utility as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
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Omar Ramos-Lopez et al.
Summary: The study found that liver markers and proinflammatory features play important roles in the morbidity and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients, which could enhance the understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and aid in personalized clinical management and treatment decision-making.
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Ya-Wen An et al.
Summary: The study showed that COVID-19 patients with liver diseases, especially fatty liver, are more likely to progress to severe conditions. Patients in severe conditions and those with liver diseases have higher rates of liver injuries during hospitalization, with significant increases in ALT and AST. Liver injuries of COVID-19 patients may be related to various factors including epidemiological characteristics, clinical indexes, basic diseases, symptoms, drug treatment, and complications.
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
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