Electrochemical Sweat Sensors

Sweat analysis by means of minimally invasive wearable sensors is considered a potentially disruptive method for assessing clinical parameters, with exciting applications in early medical diagnostics and high-performance sports. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are especially attractive because of the possibility of the electronic integration of wearable devices. In this article, we review several aspects regarding the potentialities and present limitations of electrochemical sweat (bio)sensors, including: the main target analytes and their relationships with clinical conditions; most usual electrochemical techniques of transduction used according to the nature of the target analytes; issues connected to the collection of representative sweat samples; aspects regarding the associated, miniaturized electronic instrumentation used for signal processing and communication; and signal processing by machine learning.

Automated summary

Sweat analysis using minimally invasive wearable sensors has the potential to disrupt the assessment of clinical parameters, with exciting applications in early medical diagnostics and high-performance sports. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are particularly attractive for their ability to electronically integrate with wearable devices. In this article, we review the potential and limitations of electrochemical sweat (bio)sensors, including target analytes, transduction techniques, sweat sample collection, miniaturized electronic instrumentation, and machine learning signal processing.