Recent Trends in Biosensing and Diagnostic Methods for Novel Cancer Biomarkers

Cancer is one of the major public health issues in the world. It has become the second leading cause of death, with approximately 75% of cancer deaths transpiring in low- or middle-income countries. It causes a heavy global economic cost estimated at more than a trillion dollars per year. The most common cancers are breast, colon, rectum, prostate, and lung cancers. Many of these cancers can be treated effectively and cured if detected at the primary stage. Nowadays, around 50% of cancers are detected at late stages, leading to serious health complications and death. Early diagnosis of cancer diseases substantially increases the efficient treatment and high chances of survival. Biosensors are one of the potential screening methodologies useful in the early screening of cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the recent findings about novel cancer biomarkers and their advantages over traditional biomarkers, and novel biosensing and diagnostic methods for them; thus, this review may be helpful in the early recognition and monitoring of treatment response of various human cancers.

Automated summary

Cancer is a significant global public health issue, accounting for the second highest number of deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It has a huge economic burden of over a trillion dollars annually. Early detection plays a crucial role in effective treatment and improved survival rates, as a large percentage of cancers are diagnosed at late stages. Biosensors offer promise in the early screening of cancer biomarkers. This review highlights recent findings of novel cancer biomarkers, their advantages over traditional biomarkers, and innovative biosensing and diagnostic methods, aiding in early recognition and treatment monitoring of various human cancers.