Enhanced photocatalytic activity in BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess Bi2O3

The photocatalytic activity of BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide (0-10 wt%) and the parametric study of photocatalysis are investigated in this article. BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide was synthesized via a solidstate route followed by calcination at 950 degrees C for 4 h. All BaBi4Ti4O15 samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and direct optical bandgap. Synthesized BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide has an orthorhombic perovskite crystal structure with A21am space group. Excess bismuth varies in the concentration of oxygen vacancies, and 8 wt% excess BaBi4Ti4O15 has maximum oxygen vacancy. Excess bismuth also changes direct bandgap; the lowest bandgap is 2.33 eV for 8 wt% excess bismuth. The photocatalytic activity of BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide (0-10 wt%) showed that 8 wt% excess bismuth has the highest photocatalytic activity. The parametric study of photocatalysis used the initial concentration, volume, and light source intensity as variables. The parametric study suggested that initial concentration, intensity, and volume were correlated with the degradation rate. Indoor dye cleaning in normal room light was also tested for real-life demonstration. BaBi4Ti4O15 was also characterized by an X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the effect of photocatalysis.

Automated summary

This article investigates the photocatalytic activity of BaBi4Ti4O15 doped with excess bismuth oxide (0-10 wt%) and the parametric study of photocatalysis. BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide was synthesized via a solid-state route followed by calcination. The characterization of BaBi4Ti4O15 includes XRD, SEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and direct optical bandgap measurement. The results show that BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess bismuth oxide has an orthorhombic perovskite structure and the concentration of oxygen vacancies is influenced by the amount of excess bismuth. The photocatalytic activity study reveals that 8 wt% excess bismuth has the highest activity. The parametric study indicates that initial concentration, intensity, and volume are correlated with the degradation rate. Real-life demonstration on indoor dye cleaning is also conducted. The effect of photocatalysis on BaBi4Ti4O15 is investigated by XRD and XPS.